Modern Christian Movement

Christian Fundamentalism is both a movement and a code of rules, referring to the adherence to the religion and Biblical teachings (http://www.sullivan-county.com/news/index.htm, 2003). Nowadays, the term is often corrupted to describe extremists and terrorists, who attack multiculturalism, democracy and the basic concepts of family planning. The present paper is designed to discuss the movement and the underlying doctrine in details and compare it to the similar Islamic and Judaist religious movements and trends. The Modern Christian Movement emerged in the beginning of the 20th century in response to modernism, industrialization and the following reformations of social life towards democracy (Appleby et al, 2003). â€Å"The five â€Å"fundamentals† of Christian belief that were enumerated in a series of 12 paperback volumes containing scholarly essays on the Bible that appeared between 1910 and 1915. Those included: 1) Biblical inerrancy; 2) The divinity of Jesus; 3)The Virgin Birth; 4) The belief that Jesus died to redeem humankind; 5)An expectation of the Second Coming, or physical return, of Jesus Christ† (www.sullivan-county.com, 2003). Furthermore, the tracts contained the criticism of technological progress and modern theology and insisted upon the return to the initials, i.e. to the first century, when original Christianity was spreading.   The whole Bible was declared inerrant, in contrast to the other Christian movements, which refuted certain parts of the Gospel. Furthermore, fundamentalists had true hostility to those who didn’t share their beliefs up to the last point, as they alleged there was nothing redundant or useless in the Bible (Appleby et al, 2003), as the scriptures should have been viewed as instructions rather than edifying stories and narratives. The followers of the movement also believed in the sixth-day Creationism and therefore rejected the whole evolutionary science. More importantly, they asserted   that Bible should not have been interpreted, as it had to be understood literally, without searching any mystic contexts, as the scriptures were written specifically for ordinary people’s understanding (Appleby et al, 2003; Armstrong, 2001). Furthermore, fundamentalists prioritized faith over virtuous lifestyle, whereas the latter was nevertheless to correspond with the exact fundamentalist teachings. It also needs to be noted that fundamentalists viewed human being as basically sinful and violent: â€Å"Because Calvin, Luther, and Augustine all see humans as â€Å"depraved† and â€Å"born into sin† produced a very negative outlook on humanity. Also their idea of the â€Å"elect† creates an attitude that they are somehow â€Å"chosen† above all others. This puts them at odds with â€Å"mainline† or liberal Protestant churches that reject the Augustinian notions of human depravity† (www.sullivan-county.com, 2003). The history of the movement itself is also interesting and controversial. In the early 20th century, the disciples of the fundamentals began to establish churches and denominations in the United States and United Kingdom (Appleby et al, 2003). In 1910, the northern Presbyterian Church proclaimed the five aforementioned principal pillars. In 1919, the World’s Christian Association was found, and W.Riley agreed to head it. In 1920, the term â€Å"fundamentalist† was first used by Curtis Lee Laws, but the contemporary fundamentalists perceived the term ambivalently, as it sounded like a conceptually new religious movement (http://mb-soft.com/believe/text/fundamen.htm, 1997). Due to the penetration of liberalism into a number of American churches, fundamentalists began to criticize widely the transformation and peculiar ‘democratization’ of Baptist and Protestant churches. Furthermore, they rejected and even attempted to curb the contemporary efforts to re-interpret and reformulate the biblical teachings, and were themselves most consistent with the content of the King James Bible, published in 1611(Armstrong, 2001; Appleby et al, 2003). â€Å"Church struggles occurred in the Methodist Episcopal Church, the Protestant Episcopal Church, and even in the southern Presbyterian Church, but the grand battles were fought in the northern Presbyterian and northern Baptist denominations. Machen was the undisputed leader among Presbyterians, joined by Clarence E.Macartney† (mb-soft.com, 1997). Consequently, a number of organizations were created on the basis of the reformed Baptist and Presbyterian churches, which began to utilize the five fundamentals: the Fundamentalist Fellowship (1921), the National Federation of the Fundamentalists of the Northern Baptists (1921) and the Baptist Bible Union (1923). The unions developed their own policies in such issues as ordination of clergy ad education, and a number of particularly enthusiastic preachers denied the importance of literacy and declared Bible as their only ‘reader’ in the course of training (Armstrong, 2001; mb-soft.com, 1997). Approximately at the same time the fundamentalists began to interfere with the policies of public schools, specifically, with their curricula which included Darwinian evolution as a mandatory subject (Appleby et al, 2003). Since the 1940s, the fundamentalists split into two groups, the first one accepted the term â€Å"fundamentalism† and began to run to some extent separatist policies, whereas the second camp regarded the term as humiliating and positioning the followers of the movement as narrow-minded fanatics. The latter group, as one can understand, wished to expand the influence over Protestant churches and therefore declared their teaching as â€Å"evangelical†. This group soon ‘softened’ their hard-line Christian belief and gradually accepted the contemporary liberal ideas, expressed by a number of Protestant Church executives. Towards the late 1970s, there was a peak of the fundamentalists’ popularity, as   during Ronald Reagan campaign (Appleby et al , 2003), they were able to find answers to the most troublemaking issues like economic and social crises (in fact associated with the Vietnam War, but the adepts of the movement manipulated with the fall of the population’s moral and optimism and stated the contemporary mentality was erroneous). â€Å"They identified a new and more pervasive enemy, secular humanism, which they believed was responsible for eroding churches, schools, universities, the government, and above all families. They fought all enemies which they considered to be offspring of secular humanism, evolutionism, political and theological liberalism, loose personal morality, socialism and communism† (mb-soft.com, 1997). Thus, they employed the most powerful PR tools to influence public consciousness and arranged a number of protest actions, including the picketing family planning centers, certain education institutions and scientific laboratories in attempt to undermine the reputation of the mentioned organizations (Armstrong, 2001). Such religious activists as Jerry Falwell, pat Robertson and Hal Lindsey appeared on TV-screens as often as very popular politicians or the president and continued to encourage citizens to refuse from technological advancements, democratic ideology; the most radical fundamentalists even tried to curb immigration and force foreigners of different faith to leave the United States. The Fundamentalist Movement of the 1990s and the new millennium is still strong, but the organization has become much more ‘secluded’. Nowadays, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences has launched a new project that encourages scholars in the United States and around the world to study fundamentalism (http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/fund.html, 1998). They also theorized the religious doctrine and outlined the its basic characteristics, which include the manifestation of religious truth which must not be secreted, religious idealism as the major aspect of fundamentalist identity and demonization of any movements which diverge from the doctrine. Furthermore, â€Å"fundamentalists envision themselves as part of a cosmic struggle; they seize on historical moments and reinterpret them in the light of this cosmic struggle; they envy modernist cultural hegemony and try to overturn the distribution of power† (religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu, 1998). Appleby also discusses the major characteristics of the organized movement and stated and its primary course is the increase of the popularity of Christian religion. Furthermore, the members of the movement are selective and reject specific aspects of technological progress rather then modernity in general; the organization itself has â€Å"an elect or chosen membership; sharp group boundaries; charismatic authoritarian leaders and mandated behavioral requirement† (ibid, 1998). As one can understand, Christian fundamentalism has a lot in common with Islam and Judaism, especially in terms of the structure of the movement. For instance, both Orthodox Judaist and Islamic fundamentalist movements have the same organizational characteristics and regard themselves as the participants of a cosmic struggle. This trend, however, is not very notable in Judaism, whereas the most hard-line Muslim leaders (of radical organizations like al-Qaeda) wage true war against otherwise-minded, and, similarly to Christian fundamentalists, demonize anyone who dares challenge the teachings from the Holy Scriptures perceived as central. Judaism has always been less radical and its fundamentals are more related to the controversy over the origin of the Torah, which, as most Orthodox Judaists hold, derives actually from God rather than from humankind (Armstrong, 2001). Judaist Fundamentalism also includes â€Å"Laws of Rabbinic decree to better enforce Torah law (e.g. the prohibition of eating/cooking mixtures of milk and poultry); these laws are held to be created by the rabbis and are divinely inspired† (Armstrong, 2001, p. 385) and observes Rabbeinu Gershom’s prescriptions concerning the ban on reading letters, addressed to another person, the possibility of divorcing a female without her compliance and the regulation of eating habits. Islamic Fundamentalism refers to Sunni Islam, which recognized the Koran, Haddith and Sunnah and accordingly rejects the Shi’a laws. Similarly to the Christian Fundamentalism, the corresponding Islamic teaching includes the notion that â€Å"the problems of the world stem from secular influences. Further, the path to peace and justice lies in a return to the original message of Islam, combined with a scrupulous rejection of innovations† (Armstrong, 2001, p. 396). Technological progress is also partially rejected in the Judaist Fundamentalism – for instance, the Torah teaches that human face should not touch blade, that’s why Orthodox Jews avoid using razors and wear long beards. On the other hand, the Christian Fundamentalism has one unique feature, Messianism, which is not emphasized in the other two doctrines, as most Judaists do not view Christ as an influential religious person, whereas the concept of God’s son is absent is Islam. As one can understand, fundamentalism is to great extent synonymous to conservatism. Nevertheless, it is important to remember that the contemporary fundamentalist movement are based not purely upon the religious doctrines, but also on the aspects of PR, promotion and, if necessary, violence and compulsion. Furthermore, all of them enclose considerable restrictions upon human daily activities, – in Islam, for instance, practically all daily routines have certain algorithms; moreover, all of them challenge humanism and the principles of individual freedom, imposing personal responsibility and accountability to society or community (especially in Judaism) instead. Reference list Sullivan Country Resources. (2003). Christian Fundamentalism exposed. Available online at: http://www.sullivan-county.com/news/index.htm Religious Movements Homepage. (1998). Fundamentalism. Available online at: http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/fund.html Believe Web-Resources. (1997). (Christian) Fundamentalism. Available online at: http://mb-soft.com/believe/text/fundamen.htm Appleby, R., Almond, G. and Sivan, E. (2003). Strong Religion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Armstrong, K. (2001). The Battle of God: A History of Fundamentalism. New York: Ballantine Books.            

Sterilization of Water

Project Report – Determination of the Dosage of Bleaching Powder Required for Sterilization of Different Samples of Water CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. GENERAL METHODS USED 3. THEORY 4. REQUIREMENTS 5. PROCEDURE 6. OBSERVATION TABLES 7. CALCULATIONS 8. RESULT 9. CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION Water is the major constituent of all living beings. Water necessary to sustain all types of life. The water used for drinking purpose by human beings should full the following conditions : 1. It should be colourless. 2. It should not possess any smell. 3.It should contain any harmful dissolved salts such as nitrates, mercury salts, lead salts. 4. It should not be contain any living organism such as algae, fungus, bacteria etc. Sterilization of Disinfection of Water In order to obtain water for drinking purpose, water is first treated with alum whereby clay and other colloidal particles go precipitated the suspended impurities are then removed by filtration and the clear water obtained is subjecte d to some suitable treatment to destroy harmful germs and bacteria. These bacteria cause many dangerous disease such as cholera, thyroid, dysentery, tuberculosis, diphtheria etc.The process of killing the harmful bacteria by some suitable treatment of water is called STERILIZATION of DISINFECTION OF WATER. The common sterilizer agents are chlorine, ozone, bleaching powder, potassium per magnate chloramines. Sterilization of water through bleaching powder gives chlorine and if it is in excess, it is harmful for health and causes diseases like chlorawis, unconsciousness etc. So here we determine the exact amount of bleaching powder used of required for the sterilization of given samples of water. General Methods of Sterilizing WaterThere are many methods of sterilizing water but the best is one which gives sample of water which is totally free from germs. Sometimes potassium per magnate is used to disinfect water but it is not for drinking as it gives red colour and the excess of it i s in harmful for health. We use dissolve in water, so it can not be used in large scale. Another method for disinfection is by simply boiling the water for about 15 minutes, but this powder. The chemical action of bleaching powder on germs and bacteria is due to the chlorine which becomes available, when it is added to water.So here in the present context, we shall focus on disinfection of water using bleaching powder. Theory Objective :  Our objective of this project is to determine the amount of bleaching powder required for the sterilization of given samples of water. So certain steps are taken in the context as follows :- 1- A known mass of the given samples of bleaching powder is dissolved in water to prepare a solution of known concentration. This solution contains dissolved chlorine, liberated by the action of bleaching powder with water. CaOCl2  + H2O ——————-> Ca(OH)2  + Cl2 – The amount of chlorine present in the above solution is determined by treating a known volume of the above solution with excess of 10% potassium iodide solution, when equivalent amount of iodine is liberated. The iodine, thus liberated is then estimated by titrating it against a standard solution of sodium thiosulphate using starch solution as indicator. Cl2  + 2KI ——————–> 2KCl + I2 I2  + 2Na2S2O3  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€> Na2S4O6  + 2NaI 3- A known volume of one of the given samples of water is treated with a known volume of bleaching powder solution.The amount of residual chlorines is determined by adding excess potassium iodine solution and then titrating against standard sodium thio-sulphate solution. 4- From the reading in 2 and 3, the amount of chloring and hence bleaching powder required for the disinfection of a given volume of the given sample of water can be calculated. Requirements for the Experimental Determination Requirements are as follows : Apparatus : 1. Burette 2. Titration Flask 3. 500 ml measuring flask 4. 100 ml Graduated Cylinder 5. 250 ml Measuring flask 6. 1lt. Measuring flask 7. Glazed Tile 8. Glass Wool. Chemicals : 1.Bleaching powder -5gm. 2. Na2SO4—->12. 4 gm. 3. KI – 25gm. 4. Different Sample of Water 5. Distilled Water 6. Soluble starch – 1gm. 7. Indicator – Starch Solution. Procedure : 1- Preparation of N/20 Na2SO4  solution : Take 12. 4 gm of sodium thio-sulphate hydrated and mix it in about 500ml of water then the mixture is diluted to make the volume 1000ml. or 1lt. Normality = strength/Molecular Mass. = 12. 4 / 248 = 1/20N 2- Preparation of 10%KI solution: Take 25gm. of KI powder and mix it in about 100ml of water then dilute the mixture to make the volume 250 ml and take it in the measuring flask. – Preparation of Bleaching Powder solution : Weight 5gm of bleaching powder and mix it in about 200 ml of distilled water in a conical flask. Stopper the f lask and shake it vigorously. The suspension thus obtained is filtered through glass wool in measuring flask of 500ml. and dilute the filtrate with water to make the volume 500 ml. The solution of obtained is 1% bleaching powder of solution. 4- Preparation of starch solution : Take about 1gm of soluble starch and 10 ml of distilled water in a test table mix vigorously to obtain a paste. Pour the paste in about 100ml. of hot water contained in a beaker with constant stirring.Boil the contents for 4-5min. and then allow to cool. 5- Take 100ml. of distilled of water and then 20ml of bleaching powder of solution in a stopper conical flask and add it 20ml of 10% KI solution. Shake the mixture, titrate this solution against N/20 Na2S2O3 Solution taken in burette. When solution in the conical flask becomes light yellow in colour add about 2ml of starch solution as indicator. The solution now becomes blue in colour. The end point is disappearance of blur colour, so continue titrating till t he blue colour just disappears. Repeat the titration to get a set of three readings. – Take 100ml of water sample in a conical flask and add 20ml of KI solution and stopper the flask. Shake it and titrates against N/20 Na2S2O3  until the solution become yellow. Then add 2ml of starch solution and then again titrate till the blue colour disappears. Repeat titration for three readings. 7- Repeat the step 6 with other samples of water and records the observation. Observation Table Titration : I * Volume of distilled water taken 100ml * Volume of bleaching powder sol. taken 20ml * Volume of KI solution added 20ml Burette Reading Sr. No. | Initial| Final| Final Vol. of 0. 2N Na2S2O3  sol. used| 1. | 1. ml| 0. 9ml| 7. 7ml| 2. | 0. 9ml| 16. 6ml| 7. 7ml| 3. | 16. 6ml| 24. 0ml| 7. 7ml| Titration : II * Volume of water sample I taken 100ml * Volume of bleaching powder sol. added 20ml * Volume of KI solution added 20ml Burette Reading Sr. No. | Initial| Final| Final Vol. of 0. 2N Na 2S2O3  sol. used| 1. | 10. 1 ml. | 16. 2 ml. | 6. 1 ml. | 2. | 16. 2 ml. | 22. 3 ml. | 6. 1 ml. | 3. | 22. 3 ml. | 28. 4 ml. | 6. 1 ml. | Titration : III * Volume of water sample I taken 100ml * Volume of bleaching powder sol. added 20ml * Volume of KI solution added 20ml Burette Reading Sr. No. | Initial| Final| Final Vol. of 0. 2N Na2S2O3  sol. sed| 1. | 8. 9 ml. | 14. 1 ml. | 5. 2 ml. | 2. | 14. 1 ml. | 19. 3 ml. | 5. 2 ml. | 3. | 19. 3 ml. | 14. 5 ml. | 5. 2 ml. | Titration : IV * Volume of water sample I taken 100ml * Volume of bleaching powder sol. added 20ml * Volume of KI solution added 20ml Burette Reading Sr. No. | Initial| Final| Final Vol. of 0. 2N Na2S2O3  sol. used| 1. | 16. 1 ml. | 21. 6 ml. | 5. 5 ml. | 2. | 21. 1 ml. | 27. 1 ml. | 5. 5 ml. | 3. | 27. 1 ml. | 32. 6 ml. | 5. 5 ml. | Calculations : Sample I (TAP WATER) Amount of bleaching powder used to disinfect 100ml of water samples I. = (7. 7 – 6. 1) ml of 0. 2 N of Na2S2O3  solution. 1. 6ml. 1ml of bleaching powder solution contains bleaching powder =5/500 = 0. 01gm. 20ml of bleaching powder solution = 7. 7ml of 0. 2N of Na2SO4 So 1ml of Na2S2O3  solution = 20/7. 7 ml of bleaching powder solution. Volume of bleaching powder solution used to disinfect 100ml of water = 1. 6 x 20/7. 7ml. 1. 6 x 20/7. 7 ml. of bleaching powder solution =1. 6 x 20 x 0. 01 gm / 7. 7 =  0. 4156 gm Calculations : Sample II (POND WATER) :- Amount of bleaching powder used to disinfect 100ml of water. = (7. 7 – 5. 2) ml of 0. 2 N Na2S2O3  solution = 2. 5ml 1ml of bleaching powder solution contains bleaching powder = 0. 1 gm. 7. 7ml. of 0. 2N Na2S2O3  = 20ml of bleaching powder solution So 1ml of Na2S2O3  = 20ml. of bleaching powder solution. Volume of CaoCl2  solution required to disinfect 100ml of water. = 2. 5 x 20/7. 7 ml. 2. 5 x 20/7. 7 ml. of bleaching powder solution. = 2. 5 x 20 x 0. 01 gm / 7. 7 of bleaching powder Amount of bleaching powder required to disinfect 1 let. of wate r. = 2. 5 x 20 x 0. 01 x 1000 / 7. 7 x 100 = 25 x 2/7. 7 =  0. 6493 gm. Calculations : Sample III (TANK WATER) :- Amount of bleaching powder used to disinfect 100ml of water. = (7. 7 – 5. 5 ) = 2. 2ml of 0. 2 N of Na2S2O3  solutions. ml of bleaching powder solution contains bleaching powder. = 5/500 = 0. 01gm 7. 7 ml. of 0. 2 N Na2S2O3  = 20ml of bleaching powder solution. so 1ml of 0. 2 N Na2S2O3  solution = 20/7. 7 ml volume of bleaching powder solution used to disinfect 100ml of water = 2. 2 x 20/7. 7 ml. 2. 2 x 20/7. 7 ml of bleaching powder solution = 2. 2 x 20 x 0. 01 gm / 7. 7 of bleaching powder Amount of bleaching powder used to disinfect 1 ltr. of water = 2. 2 x 20 x 0. 01 x 1000 / 7. 7 x 100 = 22 x 2/77 =  0. 5714gm Results Amount of the given samples of bleaching powder required to disinfect one liter of water :- Samples I = 0. 4156Samples II = 0. 6493 Samples III = 0. 5714 Thus we get the amount required for disinfection and if bleaching powder is taken less than this amount water will remain impure and if it taken in excess than this will also be harmful as it will contain chlorine. The results shows that Samples II is the imputes water as the amount of bleaching powder requires is maximum and Sample I is less impure than others as the bleaching powder used is minimum. The tables also show the difference. Titration III has minimum reading because of impurities and titration I has maximum reading because the sample was distilled water.Conclusion : This is the convenient method of sterilizing water. It leaves no impurities and its harmful effect if bleaching powder is taken in right amount. In this way we can calculate the amount of bleaching powder required for any sample of water and then take it in large amount if the water is to be disinfected in large scale as in water works. And thus the only cause of using bleaching powder to disinfect water instead of any other method is this that it kills all germs and bacteria due to its chemical action and provides us a pure sample of water to use for all purpose.

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How Globalization Affects small businesses - Essay Example ization affecting the current experiences in small business venture?† The increasing changes in business climate are a possible result of globalization effect. Many small and medium enterprises are not able to realize how this phenomenon is influencing the business environment. â€Å"Have you noted any unexplained changes in competition, consumer behavior, price changes and business rules and regulations which are derived from the globalization?† Such an approach to discussing the issue of globalization will evoke the interest of the reader due to the sensitivity of the question in respect of the widespread startup firms and increasing competition in small and medium enterprise in this era of globalization (Friedlander, Edward and John 56). This journalism lead approach is more appropriate in the case of using pictures and diagram to make a visual appeal to the underlying issues being addressed (Ballenger 163-4). It serves the purpose of a visual impression and gives the reader an overview of the topic being addressed. This is a critical tool of captivating the attention of the reader through proper pictorial presentation and precise expression of ideas (Friedlander, Edward and John 61-6). From the picture above it can be noted that the increasing technological application in small businesses is a culmination of the rising competition in various industries. Cost reduction measure versus high quality output is a major goal of the profit oriented small enterprises operators. In this respect, non-price competitive strategies are at play and this sums up as a culmination of the globalization effect. To contain the gap between well-established multinational corporations and startup firms, information technology application provides a level ground for survival and this one aspect of globalization. In this case, the critical concepts of globalization and its effect on small business are addressed through visual presentation and the reader has grasped important facts

Australia Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Australia - Movie Review Example It also shows the conflict between the aboriginals and the Europeans. So the movie has been acted in the right country so as to portray the Australians character. In the movie Australia, the cultural landscape portrays very old houses, which have been traditionally built. Most of the houses been build using mud, and this makes the movie look like a traditional movie which was shot long time ago. There is the existence of ranches, which keep large head of cattle implying that the movie must have been shot to represent how the Australians lived a long time ago. The movie takes place in the Australia this is because of the physical appearance of the landscape. Australia is a country, which is known to having a very rugged landscape which is very mountainous. The tribunal Aborigine is a traditional culture which is used in the movie and was highly associated with the country of Australia. This serves as evidence that the movie was shot in the country of Australia. The movie also shows Nullah as an aboriginal child of a mixed race. Other products such as Scarlett and Rhett were also other products which were associated with the same country. The movie wants to show how the Australians lived long before. It also shows the lifestyle that they were living in which includes inheriting of property because the cows Maitland has were gained through inheritance. The beginning of the second world is also reflected in the movie. The culture is unfolded using artifacts, sociafacts and mentifacts. Some of the artifacts used are traditionally built houses, station sheds, white painted rocks tennis court and white painted rocks. This shows that the people of Australia relied mostly on traditionally built houses. There is a safe place set for the mission children, traditional dances; there is a school and highly ranked leaders this acts as a sociofacts in the movie. It shows that there were most protected missions

Information Communication Technology Ethics Essay Example for Free

Information Communication Technology Ethics Essay Reflection (1) Philosophy Ethics; â€Å"allows us to breakout of prejudices and harmful habits that we held since we were too young or too naà ¯ve to know better†. Also allows us to see and appreciate other views of the world and study it to see â€Å"the consequences of our views†, because what we think know might not be right â€Å"inconsistent†. What is Ethics? â€Å"Ethics deals with what we should and should not do, what acts are â€Å"good† and â€Å"wrong† â€Å". Ethics in my point of view is a very crucial yet sensitive controversial topic (Fluffy?). As humans there are defiantly dos and don’ts since the day of our birth, but since this is molded and inferred by ones culture, community, circumstances. These rules tend to change from one place to another (region, family culture, religion), also from times to others (eras). It is important to have ethics in our lives to co-exist as humans and have predictable consequences. The difficult part is the sensitive part, where the people are not open enough for change, sometimes not open minded enough for simply discussing their ethics, believes or their code of life, and just want to impose believes, culture, any form of ethics on others who don’t want to follow (you can’t please everyone when it comes to ethics). I personally follow somewhat a mixture of Deontological, virtue Ethics. Reflection (2) There is a difference between your molarity and your professional morality, where your morality doesn’t it always corresponds to the morality that your profession dictates. On the other hand the reason that a person would chooses a certain profession is because of its attractive value system that matches his/her morality and values, but it’s not always the case as discussed in class some people have the ability to switch entirely between their personal and professional lives, and some might be put in a position that opposes their morality and they are fully responsible for their actions and fully aware of the consequences that might follow. Ethics in information communication technology discipline is quite new, mainly because the major advancement in this system is fairly new as well, where it’s constantly changing and developing. The discipline now also occupied a huge rule in our daily lives, where we are almost always in contact with technology from the moment we wake up till the moment we sleep. Digital media significantly now alters our ethical responsibility on one another, because now we live in the digital world â€Å"we can’t assume that our ways work for everyone†, since the world not too long ago wasn’t that close, actions and data didn’t travel that fast, people and cultural ethics were preserved and rarely affected. In the meantime now data is flying everywhere the once local is now global in minutes maybe seconds and it’s just too soon unstudied cultural shocks and misunderstanding occur more often, but with this misunderstanding with the right people is corrected for good and others misconceived for good. By these experiences some therefore ethically knowing the cultural difference would tend to rethink before doing something offensive or controversial to avoid troubles. Reflections (3) Privacy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ we are our data† I do believe that. I also believe that if we are our data we can’t be denied the freedom of using, sharing or hiding it, because it’s a part of you. In this era of computer technology our data can be our thoughts regardless it might be moral or not it still belong to us, where in any other age than ours, it would have been kept the way you choose it to be, but now you can’t help but to feel stalked or judged. The floating â€Å"malleable† â€Å"greased† data privacy is a two edged sword, it can protect from evil and can cause evil and misfortune. And since evil and misfortune always exists and always will, the way it was before is known, which the freedom of our privacy choices is and that is because it will at least control one known evil which is this data misuse. Reflections (4) Intellectual freedom is a basic human right for all humans of all cultures and believes. This freedom has to be respected and protected universally. Furthermore I believe even if this is a basic human right, it must not be abused, and that’s where ethics and morality acts in, because even though you are entitled to your own opinion the person must bear in mind that words are very powerful and can do harm. The controversy between censorship and intellectual freedom, where one of the requirements of intellectual freedom to be fulfilled is that â€Å"the society makes an equal commitment to the right of unrestricted access to information and ideas regardless of the communication medium used, the content of the work/and the viewpoints of both the author and receiver of information.†

Impact of Exchange Rates on Stock Market: Evidence from Pakistan

Impact of Exchange Rates on Stock Market: Evidence from Pakistan Today in the present world foreign currency is a key component or tool for different kinds of businesses, and many countries in the world did businesses in foreign currencies like in Dollars, Euros etc. on the other hand movement in the stock market index is a key indicator for the financial performance of a country. Stock market may have bullish or bearer trend which reflect its relative strength in specific period. It also shows the investor confidence and sentiments toward markets. The establishment of the relationship among the stock market and foreign exchange rates is important for some reasons. Initially, it can affect decisions about monetary policy and tax. Gavin (1989) analyze that financial market has a large impact on the aggregate demand. The policy maker should be aware about the relationship regarding stock market and demand. Secondly, the relation between the aggregate demand and stock markets may be used to forecast the direction of the exchange rate. It will be useful for multinational firms to actively manage their exposure associated to foreign contracts and exchange rate. Thirdly, currency is treated as a commodity or an asset in portfolio of investment funds. So the awareness about the relationship among currency and other assets in the portfolio of investment funds is important. This is not the first study to look at the exchange rate and equity markets in the world as well as in Pakistan. Like Aquino analyzed the foreign exchange exposure countenance by Philippine companies around the Asian financial crisis. It was concluded that stock returns were not statistically significantly affected by the instability in foreign exchange. But after the crises, there was a significant impact of the fluctuations in exchange rate on the stock returns (Aquino 2005, 2006). Yau and Nieh investigated the relationship between Taiwan dollar/Japanese yen and the stock prices for the period from 1991 to 2005. They found that among the exchange rate and the stock prices of both countries there was no long-term relationship. But this linkage exists only to shorten the period (Yau and Nieh 2006). But the present study is exceptional in the sense that it uses the most recent data of the exchange rate and stock market which may provide latest linkage to the investors and other policy makers in Pakistan. There are three stock exchanges known as Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE), Lahore Stock Exchange (LSE) and Islamabad Stock Exchange (ISE) currently operating in Pakistan. Among these Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) is considered as major and the well known stock market of Pakistan. It is regarded as a representative of all three stock exchanges of Pakistan. Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) formed on September 18, 1947. It began its operation with five companies that have paid a capital of Rs.37 millions of dollars. The first index was the 50 index of trade and was done through open-out-cry system. But now KSE has 662 listed companies and considers a main economic and business hub of Pakistan. The daily KSE-100 Index published by the Karachi stock exchange is announced at 3:10 pm. Therefore KSE-100 index can be used as performance indicators of the stock market in Pakistan. KSE played an important role in the economy of Pakistan in different problems like political, social, financial and other i ssues (Karachi Stock Exchange, 2011). To identify the linkage of foreign exchange rate with equity market is significant because of above reasons. So in this study the researcher tries to identify this relationship by using various statistical techniques. Rationale of the study The currency  market may be linked with  equity market  in many different ways. It can be seen that if there is an upward trend in the stock market, then there will be a large influx of foreign capital in the country due to international investors. This influx of foreign money would be a key indicator  for the betterment of economic position of any country. The adversary also sustains that if there is a long downtrend visible on the stock market, foreign investors, the most likely rush to sell their shares that would have a substantial impact on the stock market of a country. This reasoning can be applied to all currencies and stock markets in the whole world (Kathy Lien, 2009). The basic idea behind this study is to provide a clue to the stock brokers, managers, planners, policy makers and regulatory authorities that they actively share information about the change in macroeconomic variables. AND also provide considerable information essential for them, which may be used for future decisions about stocks and stock markets of Pakistan especially about KSE noting the movement of the exchange rate in Pakistan. This investigation is also useful for executives, managers, responsible for the decisions, researchers and students who are not familiar with the exchange rate and securities markets in Pakistan. Problem identification Due to globalization and technological innovations any one can access the foreign markets. The business in foreign countries needed to intact with change in exchange rate dynamics. Since, the exchange rate can be defined as the price of currency of one country expressed in the currency of another country. So the change in the exchange rate might have some impact on the macroeconomic variables of any country. The stock market of Pakistan may be influenced due to change in exchange rate. So to identify this impact of exchange rate on the stock market is a matter which requires intentions. Problem Statement The main focus of this study is to know that, how exchange rate affects the equity market of Pakistan? It further explores the direction (positive or negative) and strength of relationship among exchange rate and stock market in Pakistan. For this purpose researcher links the exchange rate with equity market of Pakistan to see a clear picture about them as they influence several other variables. Research Question What is the possible impact of exchange rate fluctuation on the equity market of Pakistan? Objective This study aims to examine the effect of exchange rate on the Karachi stock exchange. The objectives of the study are: .To analyzes the impact of exchange rate fluctuation on equity market of Pakistan. .To determines whether the impact is statistically significant or not. Resources Resources include financial data of KSE, articles, books, newspaper and internet. The data will be collected from yahoo finance and the website of Karachi Stock Exchange. Scope of the research It is believe that the financial position of an economy is vulnerable to the foreign exchange rate. So it is very crucial to explore the linkage between the exchange rate and equity market. The present study is an effort to investigate this important aspect and it tries to analyze the impact of exchange rate on the equity market of Pakistan. LITERATURE REVIEW In the following section, there are some studies associated to this area of study that has been investigated earlier by other researchers. Hussain et al. examined the Impact of Macroeconomics Variables on Stock market by using the periodical data of some macroeconomic variables such as foreign exchange rate, broad money M2, whole sale price (WSP) index, industrial production index (IPI), gross fixed capital formation and foreign exchange reserve. The period of time to study was started from 1986 to 2008. The result showed that, after the reform in 1991, the pressure of the exchange rates and reserves effects significantly to the equity market, while the variables as IIP, and GFCF had no significant effect on the stock prices. In addition, concluded that internal factors of the companies such as increasing the production and capital formation had no significant effect while external factors such as the exchange rate and reserves significantly affected the stock prices. (Hussain et al. 2009). Nishat and Shaheen analyzed long-term relationships among set of macroeconomic variables and the equity market of Paksitan. The macroeconomic variables that were used in their study includes: industrial production index (IPI), the consumer price index (CPI), M1 and the value of an investment earning the money market rate. Vector error correction model was used to investigate the relationship from 1973 to 2004. It can be revealed that there is a fundamental connection between the equity market and the economy and showed that industrialized creation was the major positive determinant of Pakistani stock prices. On the other hand, inflation was the major negative determinant of equity prices in Pakistan. It was established that the macroeconomic variable granger caused stock movements in prices, the reverse causality was observed in the variable in industrial production and the stock prices. In addition, argued that statistically significant durations between fluctuations in the bag and changes in the real economy were relatively short. Additionally, it was further argued that statistically significant lag lengths between fluctuations in the stock market and changes in the real economy were relatively short (Nishat Shaheen, 2004). Bhattacharya et al. analyzed a case study to explore the linkage between stock market and macroeconomic variables such as Exchange Rate, Foreign Exchange Reserves and Value of Trade Balance. They used method of non-causation that was considered by Toda and Yamamoto (1995) for the period from 1990 to 2001. Proxy used in the investigation of stock market was Indian, the Bombay sensitive Index (BSI). The three major macroeconomic variables incorporated in the investigation was effective exchange rate, the foreign exchange reserves and the balance of trade. The study revealed the attractive resulted in the structure of the stock market Indian, mainly as regards the exchange rate, the foreign exchange reserves and the balance of trade. It is suggested that there is no relation between cost and equity the three macroeconomic variables studied ( Bhattacharya Mukherjee, 2001). Dimitrova examined the association between stock prices and the exchange rates using multivariate model. He focused on the stock markets in America (USA) and the United Kingdom (UK) during the period 1990-2004. The result of the study shows that there was a relationship between the exchange rate and the stock market. The examiner stressed that there was a positive correlation when the price of actions were the main variable and be expected negative when exchange rates were the main variable. (Dimitrova, 2005). Sohail et al. conducted a study on Lahore stock exchange (LSE), the objective of that study was to observed the long-term, as well as the short-term associations between Lahore Stock Exchange (LSE) and some important variables. Using the monthly data for the variables from 2002 to 2008, it was found that there was a negative impact of the consumer price index (CPI) on the stock market returns in Pakistan while industrial production index (IPI), real effective exchange rate, the money supply had an important positive long-term effect on stock returns to Pakistan(Sohail Hussain, 2009). Robert Gay investigated time series relationship between stock exchange index and some of the macroeconomic variables of the price of oil and the type of change in China, India, Russia and Brazil, using the Box-Jenkins auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. It came to the conclusion of his study in which there was no significant association between exchange rate and the price of oil on the index of the stock market of these countries. Moreover, there was no significant relationship between past and present yields of the stock markets in these countries (Gay, 2008). METHOD Sample Since there are 660 listed companies in Karachi stock exchange of Pakistan on November 7, 2010. This research uses KSE-100 Index as a benchmark to find out the impact of exchange rate fluctuation on equity market of Pakistan. Instrument and Measures This research will be based on secondary sources, thus no questionnaire will be distributed. The study uses the financial data of last 6 years of Karachi stock exchange (one of the major stock exchange in Pakistan) and exchange rate. This study will investigates the impact of foreign exchange rate on equity market in Pakistan. This study uses KSE-100 index as a proxy of equity market of Pakistan and uses exchange rate between dollar and rupees to analyze the impact of exchange rate fluctuation on equity markets of Pakistan. So, this research treats KSE-100 index as the dependant variable and exchange rate as independent variables. Procedure The following statistical tools will be used to examine the impact of exchange rate fluctuation on equity market of Pakistan. Descriptive statistics Correlation matrix Regression analysis Descriptive statistics illustrate the main features of a collection of data quantitatively. It may include mean, median, mode, standard deviation, maximum and minimum. Correlation model will be tested to observe the linkage between the exchange rate and equity market of Pakistan. It will also enlighten about the direction and strength of relationship between the variables. Further to find out the impact of exchange rate on stock market of Pakistan, the study will performed the regression analysis. The data of Karachi stock exchange will be compared with the data of exchange rate of Pakistan. Statistical tools including timeline graphs and others will be constructed and made use of to determine the respective effects and a comparison between exchange rate and equity market. Research papers of various authors related to the study will be studied and judge against with the results of this particular research. REFRENCES Bhattacharya, B., Mukherjee, J. (2001). Causal Relationship Between Stock Market And Exchange Rate, Foreign Exchange Reserves and Value Of Trade Balance: A Case Study For India. Website: http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7297/ Cruz, M., Walters, B. (June 2008). Is the Accumulation of International Reserves good for Development.  Cambridge Journal of Economics. website: http://cje.oxfordjournals.org/content/32 Dimitrova, D. (August 2005). The Relationship between Exchange Rates and Stock Prices Studied in Multivariate Model.Issues in Political Economy  , 14. Website: http://org.elon.edu/ipe/Dimitrova Elizabeth. (2006).  the oxford dictionary of Phrase and Fable.  Retrieved February 10, 2010, from Encyclopedia. website: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214 Encyclopedia. (2009).  The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. Retrieved February 14, 2010, from Encyclopedia. website:http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999 Gay, R. D. (March 2008). Effect of Macroeconomic Variables on Stock Market Returns for Four Emerging Economies Brazil, Russia, India and China.  International Business Economics Research Jornal  , 7. Website:http://www.cluteinstitute-onlinejournals.com Gulf News. (2008).  Investment. Retrieved March 15, 2010, from gulfnews. website:http://gulfnews.com/business/investment/pakistan Hussain, D. I. (2009). Why does Pakistan have to accumulate foreign reserves? Website: http://ishrathusain.iba.edu.pk/papers Karachi Stock Exchange. (2010).  introduction. Retrieved February 2010, from Karachi Stock Exchange website: http://www.kse.com.pk Ministry of Finance Islamabad, Govt of Pakistan. (n.d.). Capital Markets.  Economic Survey of Pakistan  . Islamabad, Pakistan: Govt of Pakistan. Mohammad, S. D., Hussain, A., Ali, A. (2009). Impact of Macroeconomics Variables on Stock Prices Emperical Evidance in Case of KSE.  European Journal of Scientific Research  , 38 no. 1, 96-103. Website:http://pdfcast.org/pdf/impact-of-macroeconomicse Nishat, D. M., Shaheen, R. (2004). Macro-Economic Factors and Pakistani Equity Market. State Bank of Pakistan. (2010, January). Foreign Reserves. Lahore, Pakistan: State Bank of Pakistan. Should Children of Illegal Immigrants Get an Education? Should Children of Illegal Immigrants Get an Education? Should Children of Illegal Immigrants Be Able to Get an Education? Education is a very important topic that impacts our nation as a whole. Some American citizens think education is needed for everyone while others dont. With the rise of illegal immigration, more and more people are wondering whether or not the children of illegal immigrants should have the same rights as the children of American citizens. Many people say that it is too expensive to give them an education, but if they dont get an education, the United States can see negative effects in the future. It is only right that children of illegal immigrants have the opportunity to get an education in order to learn the skills to make their lives and the country better. Illegal immigrants come to the United States knowing that they are at the risk of getting caught, going to jail, and getting deported out of the country. This causes a lot of fear and anxiety in their every day lives. The main reason many immigrants come here is for work and to better their familys lives. To better their familys lives, their children need an education. Today, children of illegal immigrants still have the chance to get an education because of the 1982 case, Plyer v. Doe, where the U.S. Supreme Court ruled (5-4) that a 1975 Texas law denying public-school education to children of illegal aliens violated the 14th Amendments equal-protection clause (Miller). Having this law is very helpful for those who do not have a citizenship. Most children of illegal immigrants face many obstacles throughout their schooling. Some start out not knowing English very well and do not have the help they need from their parents at home. Giving them the basic studies and a place for them to learn can help these kids develop in a way that would not be possible without a public education. The numbers of illegal immigrants continue to go up in the US, but mostly in states like Texas, Florida, and California. According to Berna Miller, the education of these children is important because California is already facing a shortage of highly skilled workers. If children of illegal immigrants are not allowed an education, they may turn to gangs and crime because they do not have a good foundation. If these kids grow up with violence and drugs around, it only makes their communities more dangerous for everybody. And not having a good education does not help in getting a job in the future. The same happens when the situation is turned around. If children of illegal immigrants are given an opportunity to become more skilled, they can get a better job later on which will help out the economy. Some argue that the costs of educating these children is too high, but when compared to the possibility of these children developing into adults who contribute to the economy, the United Sta tes can see itself having positive long term effects. Although some people feel that illegal immigrants shouldnt come to the United States, others feel the opposite. Teachers, schools and universities are standing up for the rights of undocumented children or children with undocumented parents. In November 30, 2016 presidents of 27 Jesuit colleges and universities pledged themselves to protect to the fullest extent of the law undocumented students on our campuses and to promote retention of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals Program' (A pledge to protect Dreamers). It is important that these schools stand up for the rights of illegal immigrants children because not all had a choice when coming to this country.   The presidents that stood up for these kids said their communities are immeasurably enriched by the presence, intelligence, and committed contributions of undocumented students, as well as of faculty and staff of every color and from every faith tradition (A pledge to protect Dreamers). That statement shows that h aving people from other cultures in the same education system helps everyone. Children of illegal immigrants are getting the chance to educate themselves while they also make their school better with their culture. Another problem that comes up with educating children of illegal immigrants is that even though they can get a public school education, most do not go to college.   In 2008, about 65,000 illegal immigrants graduated from American high schools, but only 5 percent went on to college (Preston). This can be because most immigrants do not have a lot of money and cannot apply for financial aid to help their kids. And if their children are illegal as well, they can feel afraid of being exposed when going to a university. Not helping these kids can be harmful in the future because they will remain low-skilled workers. In this day and age it is very important that people get a good education to get higher paying jobs. This is why the DREAM act helps these kids a lot. The idea behind the Dream Act is that the U.S. should assimilate, rather than expel, dedicated young people who are not at fault for their illegal status (Preston).   By giving these kids the chance to better themse lves, the United States can advance more in the future. By helping children of immigrants, we are creating members of a society that can contribute economically or even culturally. This helps the whole nation. It is true that even people who dont support these kids now will see a good change in this country later. Even if theyre illegal, these kids can create the next invention that can change the world. Many people are supporting the higher education of illegal immigrant children. According to Rosa Ramirez, a student at Miami-Dade College was classified as an out-of-state student because she could not provide the legal status of her parent. In the case, it is said that the student was born in Florida and that she had graduated high school in the state. The universitys rule was making her pay a lot more because of her parents status. It should not matter where her parents stand, what really matters is a persons motivation to get a good education. By making her pay extra, she had another obstacle to face before she could go to college. If she did not speak up, she would have lost the chance to continue getting a higher education. Luckily a Florida judge ruled that making her pay out-of-state tuition violates the equal protection of the laws guaranteed under the 14th Amendment of the Constitution. More and more cases like this are being won by children of illegal immigrants. This shows that people are opening up their eyes to the importance of education for everyone and that if someone is willing to put in effort to get an education, then they deserve it. It has not been easy in the past years for children of illegal immigrants to register for public schooling. Even if the law says they should get an education, a lot of schools in the country are making it hard for these kids to enroll. According to Tim Walker, one 17 year-old student recounted to the researchers that she was told that she could not start school until after exams, delaying her enrollment by four weeks. This is because some schools think that children of illegal immigrants are going to fail when taking standardized tests. These schools are afraid of looking bad by accepting these students. Education should be about making people better not just caring about grades. Another thing that some public schools do is make up a lot of rules that have to do with residency or they make the enrollment process too hard for some immigrant families to understand. Sometimes if a public school does not want to accept a student, they will steer students to alternative education programs , including, but not limited to, those intended for children with serious behavioral problems, even if the student in question displays no such issues (Walker). This is another unfair way to treat children of illegal immigrants. If a student does not have behavioral problems and only wants to succeed, they should not be forced to take another step back. Even though it seems like the country is split up over this problem, it is good to see things through a humans plain point of view. If a human did nothing wrong and is being denied an education which only makes a them better, then there is a problem. If we let children of illegal immigrants follow their dreams and make something of themselves then we can expect good results. By giving these kids the tools, they can create a better America in the future. Many of them have different talents and intelligence that can be a good thing for this country. Their parents risked a lot to help them have a brighter future. If we deny education to children of illegal immigrants, we are denying the American dream. Works Cited A Pledge to Protect Dreamers. America 19 Dec. 2016: 10. General OneFile. Web. 9 Feb. 2017. Miller, Berna. Educating the other Children. American Demographics Oct. 1997: 49. General OneFile. Web. 10 Feb. 2017. Preston, Julia. Raised in the U.S., but Still Illegal: How Should the U.S. Treat a Million Young People Who Were Brought Here Illegally as Children? New York Times Upfront 15 Mar. 2010: 8. General OneFile. Web. 10 Feb. 2017. Ramirez, Rosa. Judge: U.S.-Born Children of Undocumented Parents Can Pay In-State Tuition. Nationaljournal.com 6 Sept. 2012: n. pag. General OneFile. Web. 10 Feb. 2017. Walker, Tim. How Undocumented Students Are Turned Away From Public Schools. NEA Today. N.p., 23 Apr. 2016. Web. 22 Feb. 2017. Interactive Whiteboards: Advantages and Disadvantages Study Interactive Whiteboards: Advantages and Disadvantages Study Having personally conducted surveys whilst studying at University in England and Australia, I found at times it was frustrating, time consuming and the strike rate less than 5%. At other times it was very rewarding with the strike rate at a healthy 30%. Firstly the paper will take a look at four different papers and what pro and cons they gathered on IWBs Secondly the paper will contain a model for conducting a large scale research survey. It will contain: The initial phase to implement the survey The methodology used to collect data The questions used in the survey Analysis of the data Justification The research is very important for teachers as it let them know if the IWB improves the pedagogy in teaching and learning. It will also help the teachers understand their weaknesses and strengths using new technology in the teaching and learning environment. They will then be able to plan their lessons so the students are able to get a full understanding of the IWB as a teaching tool and not a plaything. The teachers may find they have to teach basic computer skills to the students, such as: Terminology (literacy) How to turn their computers on How to log in and out Software use How to access the internet Key board skills The teachers may say that they do not have time to teach a separate subject as it will encroach on the lessons they are teaching. Without recognising the weaknesses of the students, in using the IWB, the students may miss out on valuable opportunities that are fundamental in their pedagogy growth Quotes According to Sudgen that something, â€Å"as bland as a projected image could be used interactively in this way† (Sudgen 2002). The difficulties he experienced with the IWB showed that there were logging on problems by the students and if the IWB was knocked it had to be re-calibrated (Sudgen 2002) Other problems encountered were light shinning on the IWB caused shadows making it difficult to see the images, the key board only shows lower case letters, making it hard for some students to recognise letters and problems caused by the students resting their hand on the IWB whilst writing (Sudgen 2002) Even with the difficulties Sudgen encountered during the lesson, he found the students worked with each other on how to find the correct word and its’ spelling using the IWB (Sudgen 2002). He also found by the end of the lesson the students had gained confidence in using the IWB even if they put in the wrong answer, they all supported each other by offering alternative answers (Sudgen 2002) Research by Dorothy Walker at the Royal Docks Community School in 2003 found some surprising results IWBs’ had on the pedagogy of the students and how it improved the time teachers spent actually teaching. With the help of the deputy head, Tom Smith, Walker found that the teachers where getting 20 – 25 per cent more time teaching (Walker 2003) The school was that impressed with the value of the IWB; they have 54, which are housed in a purpose built building (Walker 2003) Smith has asked to be benched marked against other schools, but as yet Ofsted â€Å"can’t find anyone like us† (Walker 2003) The Docklands school has 1,200 who speak over 48 languages, this made Smith search for innovative technologies to help the students, whose special needs exceeded 10 times the national average. When Smith first saw the IWB he knew it would help with literacy, as many of the students are visual learners (Walker 2003) The students are enthusiastic in helping new teachers use the IWB as well, (the teachers) receive extensive in house training (Walker 2003) The students use the IWB to interact with each other’s ideas by sharing their work, with over 600 PCs in the school the students can access the IWB to evaluate what they have be presented with in the previous lessons as well as being able to download their homework. Hull University together with Promethean (the maker of IWBs) and with funding from NESTA carried out research in August 2002, to find out how effective IWBs are in delivering excellence in the teaching and learning environment (Hull University 2002) The aim of the project over two years, focused on 200 classroom observations in schools and colleges. During the observations the researches noted the strengths and weaknesses of the teachers using IWBs in teaching and learning. The data collected helped them develop digital resources used for research in the learning environment. The researchers found that teachers have to consider that IWBs can be beneficial for teaching if they make sure the students can see the fonts from all areas of the classroom, they can all hear the IWB and that light entering the room may make the IWB hard to read. They found that teaches could use wireless technology so they don’t have to go back to their computer, also the teachers could use the IWBs technology to save time by saving the WEB sites accessed on the hard drive (Hull University 2002) Using an interactive whiteboard (IWB) The research taken out relied on a single researcher observing lessons using an interactive white board and conducting interviews with teachers The primary school was purposely built for teachers to use ICT and how it would enhance pedagogy in learning and teaching (Beauchamp 2004) Over the period of two years the teachers where trained on how to use ICT, giving them differing levels of confidence. When they started in the new school the IWB was new to them. The researcher divided the data collection into four stages: Data collection Validation Interpretation Action (Beauchamp 2004) The researcher had the consent of the teachers and management to observe seven teachers using the IWB over a two day period (Beauchamp 2004) During the lesson the researcher took contemporaneous notes and after the lesson the researcher had an unstructured interview with the teacher on any issues they had using ICT and the IWB During the initial stages the teachers where given plenty of notice by the researcher what lessons would be observed The researchers noted the amount of skills the teachers had in using ICT, and teachers’ pedagogic practices in using ICT. It was noted that there was a range of skills and competencies in using ICT. The researcher categorised the skills and competencies of each teacher by: Black / white board substitute Apprentice user Initiate user Advanced user Synergistic user (Beauchamp 2004) Validation After the initial phase of the observation the researcher was able to table the characteristics of the teacher and how they progressed. The second stage of observation carried out a year later allowed the teachers’ time to develop their skills and pedagogy in using ICT During the second stage of the research, the focus of the observations matched the skills on the framework developed from the data collected from the initial stage. The interviews conducted with the teachers were taped in order to validate and ground the findings (Beauchamp 2004) During the second stage interviews the teachers were given the frameworks developed from the first stage. Unlike the initial interviews, the framework provided a structure to the questions asked by the researcher The research did not take into account the years of experience and age of the teachers, as its’ aim was to get an overall representation of all primary school teachers. This eliminated any variables to ensure a model was developed which represented all teachers (Beauchamp 2004) Interpretation and Action A qualitative analysis was used to analyse the data collected by the researcher. The data collected identified common features as well key differences in areas of cognitive and pedagogical development of how teachers used ICT and IWB The variables noted were: Operating system use Mechanical skills Program variables Classroom management and pedagogy (Beauchamp 2004) The researcher noted on occasions there where advancements predominantly in the pedagogical and mechanical skills of the teachers. Difficulties The research conducted in the primary school looked at how the teachers used and implemented ICT and IWB in the learning and teaching environment. The research was conducted over two days observing and interviewing the teachers in two stages, with a gap of one year between each stage. The length of time between each stage may of led to a belief by the teachers that they had plenty of time to improve their skills. The evidence presented by the researcher does not suggest the skills where improved in leaps and abounds over the year. Seven teachers took part in the research; all had prior knowledge of which lessons would be observed. The small number of teachers used in the research would make it very difficult and probably bias to come to a general consensus. The interviews in stage one were unstructured, whereas in stage two they were taped and structured. The problems of having an unstructured interview would of made the analysis of the data unreliable and complex in being able to validate the findings. Stage Two The initial phase to implement the survey I would look at getting backing from the Education Department to conduct the survey. This would give the survey credibility and help to get participation from the schools’ management and teachers. The letter to the Department of Education will contain this preamble: Problem Definition i.e. The use of the Interactive White Board (IWB) in the teaching and learning environment and how it improves pedagogy. With the event of new technologies used in the classroom there is a need for the system to be investigated. Increasing the knowledge of teachers in the use of IWB will give them knowledge of its’ potential as a tool in the pedagogy process. If teachers feel more comfortable using the IWB it will benefit them in lesson planning, understanding the needs of their students and how to combat any difficulties their students may have. The IWB is expensive, but it is here to stay, with the emphasis on using Information Communication Technologies (ICT) in the 21st century classroom. If a teacher feels incompetent in using the IWB they may not use it in primary schools. This could disadvantage the students when they go to higher education. The aim is to ask primary schools to participate in a wide scale research project. Data will be collected by way of: An online questionnaire Interviews Observations The survey will not contain any personal information on teachers or students. Note: The preamble would be written as a letter The letter will include the questionnaire and any other relevant material that will support the proposal. Bu way of a bulletin, primary schools will be asked to participate in a large scale research project. The rational of which is to improve the use of new technologies in teaching and learning. The schools will be told that the survey will be online and conducted by way of observation and interviews. They will be able to pick which ones they would be happy to participate in. The schools will be asked to register at an encrypted WEB site. After registration the schools that register will be given a registration number. The schools will be required to provide: Size and type of school i.e. private, public, special ed etc Subjects taught using IWB The range of teachers experience Location; city suburban, country The schools will be then asked to fill in the online questionnaire (below) The survey: After collecting the online survey an analysing by way by way of graphs the second phase of the survey will come into place. This will entail a suitably qualified person going to schools and conducting the observations and interviews e.g. retired teacher The observation and interview will be conducted with an arrangement between the teacher and data collector. The observer will note: The subject being taught. The grade being taught. What the IWB was used for e.g. Internet, research etc. Length of time the teacher used the IWB. Whether it improved pedagogy or complemented it. The competency of the teacher. During the interview, the observer will ask the teacher: How the IWB complimented their pedagogy. Had they had training on the use of the IWB How long had they been using the IWB Would they like more training Any issues they have with the IWB Any improvements The interviews should take no longer then five minutes with a tick box sheet and a small comment section. The data collector will then log into the WEB site and upload all the data Conclusion Without large scale research it is very easy to generalise and come to conclusions that the researcher wants. As we found at Docklands, Smith could not get a benchmark that would help him assess the effectiveness of using the IWB Other researchers collected data from a small group, compared to the amount of schools, yet they tried to generalise their finding to the overall schools populace. It seems that IWBs are going to be the future of teaching, therefore the Education Departments and Governments need to make certain data collected on the benefits of IWBs needs to quantitive and qualitive, without which could lead to problems in literacy and pedagogy that will impact on teachers and students alike. Bibliography Internet Druin A, et al, http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/, Sydney Australia,  13 May 2006 Beauchamp Gary, http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/, Sydney Australia, 15th May 2006 Hull University et.al, http://www.thereviewproject.org/about.htm,Sydney Australia,   27th May 2006 Roschelle J, http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/, Sydney Australia 13 May 2006 Sudgen D, http://ferl.becta.org.uk/ , Sydney Australia, 27th May 2006 Walker D, http://www.tes.co.uk/, Sydney Australia, 27th May 2006 The complete addresses http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.0266-4909.2003.00028.x http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/1475939x.asp http://ferl.becta.org.uk/display.cfm?resID=2640 http://www.tes.co.uk/section/story/?section=Archivesub_section=Online+Educationstory_id=373324Type=0 http://www.thereviewproject.org/about.htm Bibliography Internet Druin A, et al, http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/, Sydney Australia 13 May 2006 Beauchamp Gary, http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/, Sydney Australia 15th May 2006 Roschelle J, http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/, Sydney Australia 13 May 2006 The complete addresses http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.0266-4909.2003.00028.x http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/1475939x.asp

Paris Miki :: Business Marketing

Capitalization  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5.91075 yen (as of March 2001) Sales  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  79.36 billion yen (term ended March 2001) Employees  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4,639 (as of March 2001) Outline of Operations  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A specialized eyewear chain handling mainly glasses and related products. Outlets in Japan and overseas include suburban retailers, tenant shops, and "built-in" shops. Strengths †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Technologically advanced †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  #1 in Japan and #3 globally †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Extremely well known in Japan for its all retails that pursue of individual customer satisfaction and needs, from beginning to end †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  "Web-mimir" service that allows customers to seek out their ideal eyewear via the Internet, and then actually try the glasses on at the nearest shop †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Industry leader in innovation Weaknesses †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Maintenance issues for their eyewear system †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Turnover as a result of technology †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Customization takes longer Opportunities †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Expand to the US and elsewhere †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Internet customers globally †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Increasing senior population in Japan †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The increase in computer/video usage leading to bad vision Threats †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lasik surgery †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Higher priced eyewear †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Designer eyewear not available through them †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Competitors Paris Miki sells to everyone that can access the web or go into a store. Paris Miki places great emphasis on the concept of "brick & click." "Brick" refers to real outlets, while "click" refers to a computer mouse; that is, Internet operations. The emphasis is on how to establish a link between real shops and e-commerce---in other words, between the real world and the "network world." In the not-too-distant future, we may very well see the day when customers can receive exactly the same services at Internet shops as they do at actual retail outlets. The degree of rivalry can be seen through their suppliers. Paris Miki developed its own in-house applications, while NIC and the NEC Group was responsible for the development and modification of driver modules for the various peripheral devices, thus completing the construction of a Linux system with connections to widely varied peripherals. These suppliers could be lured away to competitors if the price is right. This can create problems with buyers as well due to the fact that it could take longer to receive your glasses due to the customization in their lenses. New entrants into the internet sales force are continually sprouting up because of the allure of not having to have the overhead of a storefront. This could raise the competition that could possibly do things cheaper and more efficiently.

The Andromeda Strain: A Critical Analysis Essay -- English Literature:

The Andromeda Strain: A Critical Analysis In 1969 Michael Crichton wrote The Andromeda Strain, a book that would forever expand the limits of a science fiction novel. Although written in 1969, it deals with very current issues facing the modern day boilogical and even political realm. Technically a science fiction novel, the meticulously crafted plot is so intertwined with actual science and technology that some have catagorized it as "science fact." It is this realistic overtone that gives the impression that perhaps, someday, events in the book could actually take place. Plot Synopsis The book opens up with a fictional page of acknowledgments stating "This book recounts the five-day history of a major American scientific crisis." From this opening sentence, the author immediately sets the tone as one of historical narration of events that actually took place. It is supposed to be a retelling of a scientific tradgedy with monumental implications. From here, the story the author relates begins. Five years earlier the United States government initiated a program called Project Scoop. The project's purpose was to send unmanned space capsules into the earth's outer atmosphere to collect samples and examine them. The hope was that undiscovered biological agents could be found for potential use as biological weapons of war. Overall, the Scoop program had been somewhat of a dissapointment until the seventh launch. It reentered the earth's atmosphere over small town in Arizona, where a team of two men were sent to retrieve it. Upon entering the town they found no signs of life and suddenly and unexplicably died themselves. This occurence set in motion something the government had secretly planned for ca... ...ploy would be to grow a number of microorganisms that would grow uninhibited in the vastness of space. The alien race would send them out in random directions where they would drift perpetually until finally reaching other life. Once reaching their destination, they would develop into full organ, or organism capable of communication. They would inform the other race of the presence of the other, and possible ways to communicate back. This seemed amusing to the more practical scientists, but it had to be considered a possibility with Andromeda. Overall, "The Andromeda Strain's" extremely technical subject matter made it challenging to read, but informative on a level usually not touched on by other science fiction novels. The plot itself as well as the concepts conveyed in this book make it relevent to the modern biologic world, even over 30 years later.

Motivation and Commitment for the Social Work Profession

X 1) Motivation and Ccommitment for the Social Work Profession As I reminisce back upon my life there are many experiences and factors that have affected and shaped who I am today. If you examine Nature vs. Nurture, Ive always coincluded that human expression is not just black and white, there is a definite grey area where both nature (genetics) and nurture (environment) combine. For example, childhood experiences or family dynamics can either make or break you as a person depending on whether you allow negative experiences or less than ideal environments to detrimentally affect the way in which you view the world.You can prevail forward or stay with the natural human tendency to digress in the past but you decide how long you want that period of digression to be. My immediate family growing up was my father, stepmother, mother, and my twin brothers. My parent's divorced when I was two. My mother was severely depressed; because of this I did not see her again until I was eight years old. I dont remember a lot from when I was young but I do recall my brothers and I visiting our mother under supervision in a playroom of a human services building. She explained to us that she was better and could soon keep us every other weekend.My mother was better for a while but the depression came in cycles, sometimes she was up and other times she was down. My twin brothers were born mentally challenged on the mild spectrum. As I watched my mother and brothers struggle with trials and tribulations of life, I realized how much I enjoy helping others cope with the obstacles and barriers that can come with life, with or without a disability that brings life into another realm. Which is how I came to work with several different companies serving various populations such as, mentally challenged, mentally ill, physically disabled and Traumatic Brain Injury.My interest in social work and psychology began as a teenager in my first psychology class my freshman year in high school. I w as fascinated with how the brain works and what influences and shapes the human mind. I told my parent's at this time my dream of becoming a therapist. As a teenager I always wanted to give support and give advice to my friends. I wanted to help others through their challenges. We all face challenges in life, we all have to face fear at one time or another, every challenge and fear is a chance to gain courage or strength you never knew you had inside you.I began pursuing my bachelors degree at the age of twenty one. I attended school, work, and at the same time held up the role of single motherhood. It was testing and exhausting at times but the feeling of accomplishment at the end was well worth it. After receiving my degree I knew eventually I would want to climb further up the education ladder when I was ready. I wanted a break to gain more work experience serving others. This year I decided was the right time to look into a masters degree program.I was fond of the multidimension al contexts mentioned in the Advanced Generalist Concentration description for the second year. It is important to learn the different levels and aspects of cultures and the influences thereof, in order to better understand and empathize with the individuals you serve as a social worker. My future career goals after I complete the program: I hope to work in a clinic or resource center for individuals with HIV and work towards further prevention and education to the public. I am going to obtain a minor in Drug and Alcohol Counseling so I can better serve this population.After gaining some work experience to broaden my perspective and knowledge, I hope to open my own therapy practice in order to help others through their challenges and succeed in life. 2) A Social Issue of Concern A social issue of concern for me is the stigmatizing of individuals with HIV in society. As the HIV/AIDS epidemic marks its thirtieth year, you can state a lot has changed since 1981 when what was thought of as the gay plague which had symptoms ssimilar to pneumonia and Kaposis Sarcoma, such as, fever, fatigue, rash, swollen lymph nodes, and sore throat.Although many individuals experience no symptoms at all, feel, and appear healthy for several years. A few years later this would come to be known as HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). Now thirty years later society, professionals, and doctors know more about HIV transmission, treatment, and prevention. Society may know more but do they know enough to keep ignorance and stigma at bay? A recent survey performed by the Kaiser Family Foundation shows substantial shares of Americans continue to express discomfort at the idea of interacting with people living with HIV.For example 45% say theyd be uncomfortable having their food prepared by someone who is HIV-positive, 36% with having an HIV roommate, 29% having their child in a classroom with an HIV-positive teacher, and 18 ppercent working with someone who is HIV-positive. One statistic th at does show some promise in decreasing stigma and ignorance within society is the share stating theyd be very comfortable working with someone who has HIV increased from about a third in 1997 to roughly half in 2011. (www. kff. org/kaiserpolls[->0]) Unfortunately other results show the public is still ignorant about modes of transmission of HIV.The KFF survey also shows that over the past twenty years, roughly one in four Americans have continued to either believe that one can get HIV from a drinking glass, or remain unsure whether it is the case. What do these statistics tell about stigma and ignorance within the general public? It says that potentially stigmatizing and dincriminating attitudes still persist. There are a few factors that I believe led to this outcome, 1) The public is not being educated enough in the schools, television, and doctors offices and hospitals are prime places where we can get the information out there. ) More doctors are suggesting HIV tests for non-el derly, 29% but so far it doesn't translate into an increase in reports of actually getting an HIV test. About one in five non-elderly adults say they have been tested for HIV in the past 12 months which is a ppercentage that has held steady since 1997. 3) The information about how HIV is contracted and testing routes/sites needs to get out not to just high-risk population but to the general population as well. Although society ddiscrimination, HIV itself does not discriminate. (statistics obtained from: www. kff. rg/kaiserpolls) 1. Society Response When speaking of HIV in general, people get defensive and uncomfortable. This is where peer advocacy at testing sites, community education sites, and in the clinics/hospitals is vital because those living with HIV can share their stories and show others the different types of people that contract HIV. So a face can be put with the virus, show others that you cant tell who has HIV by looking at someone. Also, a belief that comes into play is that if you talk about sex, even safe sex, that people will be encouraged to have more of it.In reality the opposite rings true. The more that educators and hospital professionals talk about safe sex and STDs, the more comfortable others are talking with their sex partners on the subject. The more you know about a topic, the more confident you feel to discuss it with others. 3) Personal Strengths, Skills, Knowledge, Qualities and Limitations Ive always had an altruistic personality, compassion for others, ability to empathize with external and internal human struggles. In high school I enjoyed giving advice and being the sympathetic ear to my friends.Growing older, I enjoyed listening to and talking with mature adults at work with every day contact I gained more knowledge about their life experience. I was always fascinated when discussing the way they handled their trials and tribulations. I always had a thirst for knowledge whether it is the spoken words of others, reading book s, enjoying new experiences, or researching online. Some professionals who receive vast education, or are in their chosen profession for a long time, come to believe they have learned it all. They get stuck in a rut like doctors treating numbers, not treating the patient.I dont believe I will ever get to that place in my career. At the start and at the end of the day, you need to remember your purpose for yourself and for others. Its innate for all of us to need human experience, to be loved and accepted, to feel needed, to make others happy. In summary, a thirst for human knowledge, an understanding that society and people are forever changing, the ability to empathize with others, and the human experience in general, is what makes an effective social worker. One of my limitations is that I often underestimate myself.Because of that I put limitations on myself that dont need to be there. I let fear of success get in the way of success. However, Ive come to realize this and I do my best to strive further and not give up. There are always obstacles in life whether it is emotional, physical, or environmental. One must learn to get around them, work with them, or run right through them. 4) Ethics and Values My personal values are seen in the work I have chosen to do tthroughout my life. Ive worked with the mentally challenged, mentally ill, and physically challenged individuals for many years.I believe no matter what the differences and limitations are, we as human beings all deserve respect, dignity, and the same opportunities that all Americans are provided. The right to vote, obtain an education, right to work, to serve in the community, have resources available, and to live and experience life to its fullest; are rights and privileges we all have. Some do not realize how in the past those that differ from the norm have had to fight and struggle for these rights, many had to experience anguish, despair, and isolation when institutionalization was standard and no rights were given to these individuals.In 1955 the institutions were slowly shutdown for the most part and deinstitutionalization became the standard. The mentally challenged, physically disabled and mentally ill were more accepted and iintegrated into the community, the educational system, into paid work and vocational positions, the government and state provided adaptions so they could gain access to the community and use their rights. There is always more work to do.The general public has little concept of how significant the population of disabled individuals is, more educating to the public needs to be put into place on how prevalent physical, intellectual, and mental disorders are, for example, the CDC reported 1 in 110 children in the United States have an Autism spectrum disorder, 13% of children have a developmental disability and the last count in 1993 the CDC found 1. 5 million children and adults ages 6-64 had intellectual disabilities.As a social worker one will work with people from all walks of life, characters, belief systems, religion, culture, race, and value systems. Also depending on these factors, the issues individuals deal with in their day to day lives will vary. You have to put your ego and your own beliefs that may be different from theirs aside and take your profession seriously, but dont take yourself too seriously. Put the person youre serving first and remember the service youre providing, whatever your field may be.People will come in with conflicting beliefs, religions, and backgrounds, but unless you have walked in their shoes its not for you to judge or change their mind. However, you are required to report incidents such as, abuse, homicidal and suicidal intentions (if there is a plan set out). You are there to offer help with resources and advice on the use of those resources available to the individual. 5) Meaningful Volunteer and/or Work experience For the year of 2007 I worked for Quality Living Inc. in Omaha, Nebraska , this is a rehab facility specializing in TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury) and Spinal Cord Injury.Never having worked with this population, it was an eye opening experience to see several people go from living an independent life, to losing the ability to walk or go to the bathroom, losing the ability to speak, process thoughts, control of their muscles, having to relearn everything and not fully gain back certain skills. Also teaching and helping struggling families gain skills to cope and work with their loved ones as well. One tough situation among many was a family with a seventeen year old daughter who was ran over by a vehicle at night; she had a TBI and was in a comma.I watched the family by her side and praying for her to wake up every day. This hit close to my heart because I have a daughter as well and I thought to myself how heartbroken I would be if that happened to her. You are reminded of how valuable life is and how important the moments are that you spend with those you love. I had never assisted people who were in such extensive need of various services. The individuals attended physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and relearning everyday living skills to gain back the skills they lost.I didn't know the need for this service was so extensive. There are few facilities like it which specialize in TBI and SCI. There are rehabilitation hospitals who offer ssimilar therapies and resources but not to this extent and not as individualized. The creator of Quality Living was one person and a community of families with loved ones who have TBI and/or Spinal Cord Injury who werent getting the services they desperately needed. Working with the individuals and those who work for them, reminded me of the power and perseverance of the human spirit to overcome any obstacle. ) Cultural Diversity Experience a. I have some experience working with diverse cultures. I worked as a nursing assistant in various facilities, nursing homes, group homes, a nd hospitals, assisting with personal care and daily living. Working with the elderly you see how people come from different backgrounds and how it affects who they are today. You also see how dementia and Alzheimers affects the brain and physical function. As I went over before, I worked with individuals with physical and mental disabilities; I still do to this day.I gained a lot of patience and understanding from this work. You come across various behaviors that can be aggressive, violent, emotional, and this will challenge you emotionally and intellectually as well. This will also at times drain you physically and emotionally. At the end of the day you get these reminders: a friendship gained, a smile, a thank you, an apology, a new experience, being able to teach someone and help someone. You see youve made a difference despite the difficult days that come and go. b.I have not had professional experience working with many different ethnicities and/or nationalities. However, I ha ve had personal experience with friendships and co-workers of various national origins such as, Africa, Persia, Mexico, India, Ecuador, Haiti, Columbia, France, Portugal and Britain. I myself love learning about different cultures, their views, beliefs, traditions, history, and food of course, its all very fascinating to me. c. I am most comfortable working with those my age or between 20-40 years of age because I can more easily relate and be at the same level maturity and intellect.I also am comfortable with those who have disabilities and mental illnesses, having professional and personal experience with this population I am more apt to see the person, not just their disability. d. After careful thought there is not a population I am uncomfortable working with. 7. ) Social Support and Financial Plan I plan on applying for school loans and sscholarships. As well as meeting with the financial assistance and sscholarship offices. Currently my husband and I are looking into starting a non-profit shelter for female veterans out of our home.We have already begun contacting individuals within The National Veterans Wellness and Healing Center which host retreats for veteran couples and also works constantly on assisting veterans with obtaining the resources that are available to them. While I am at school and doing work credit hours my husband will take care of the business, along with our business partners we will also hire extra people to assist us with running the business. I am very excited about this endeavor and feel my further education with New Mexico State would contribute a great deal to this and future endeavors. [->0] – http://www. kff. org/kaiserpolls