Trust vs Mistrust Essay - 1271 Words

Trust vs Mistrust The first year of an infant’s life can be a time of great joy and learning, developmental growth physically, mentally and emotionally while providing an opportunity for parents to ensure their infant’s needs are being met. In 1965 Erik Erikson developed eight psychosocial growth stages beginning with Stage 1, ‘trust vs. mistrust’, which occurs from birth and throughout the first year of an infant’s life (Candlin 2008, p.76). Erikson’s theory of ‘trust vs. mistrust’ will be outlined in this paper to suggest how it can be implemented to support parents in developing positive relationships and attachment with their infant and lay the foundations for trusting relationships into adulthood. When an infant is born they†¦show more content†¦|A sign for parents that their infant is developing and progressing well according to the first stage of Erikson’s theory is when the | |infant doesn’t have a tantrum or is excessively upset if they need to wait for the satisfaction of having their needs met (Rose 2000, | |p.57). The infant trusts their parent or caregiver to meet their needs, and according to Erikson, such a satisfactory outcome | |signifies an infant’s first ‘psychosocial strength’, which Erikson describes theoretically as the virtue of ‘hope’ (Peterson 2004, | |p.56). | |A parent’s ability to support their infant and engender them with a sense of trust, foster their inquisitiveness and provide them with | |safe opportunities for learning will give them a wonderful basis for their continuing development even when faced with uncertainty or | |crisis (Rose 2000, p.133). According to Erikson (1965), ‘when a person resolves crises successfully, the healthier their development ||will be’. | | | |Health Care professionals will sometimes be faced withShow MoreRelatedNotes On Trust Vs. Mistrust1339 Words   |  6 Pages1. Trust vs. Mistrust Trust vs. mistrust is the first step in Erikson’s psychosocial development and is found within infancy, which is birth to eighteen months of age. During the first or even up to the second year of life mothers and fathers are looked to as any autonomy that the baby learns. The child develops hope and trust through the mother/father or caretaker if, the child is taken care of properly. Mistrust towards the world is created when he or she does not experience a blanket full of securityRead MoreTrust Vs. Mistrust. Erickson s First Stage2349 Words   |  10 Pages Trust vs. mistrust Erickson’s first stage occurs during the first year of life, and during this stage the infant is unsure about the world they live in. The infant will look for there their primary care giver for stability and consistency of care. If the care the infant is receiving consistent, predictable, and reliable then the child will develop a sense of trust, and will feel secure when they are the child is threatened. Also, success in the first stage will lead to theRead MoreHuman Development: Basic Trust vs. Basic Mistrust (Birth to 18 Months)2084 Words   |  9 Pages Basic Trust vs. Basic Mistrust (Birth to 18 Months) In stage one of Erickson’s theory, the first eighteen months of life is centered on the development of trust (Zaslow Kirst-Ashman, 2007); that is, the infant must learn to trust and depend on others for food and care. According to Erikson (1985), the most important event of this stage is feeding. The infant will either develop trust if her caregiver’s presence and feedings are stable and predictable, or develop a sense of mistrust if theyRead MoreErik Erikson s Development Theory1408 Words   |  6 Pagesplace within the ego itself, whereas Freud emphasized the conflict between the id and the superego. According to Erikson, the ego develops as it successfully resolves crises that are distinctly social in nature. These involve establishing a sense of trust in others, developing a sense of identity in society, and helping the next generation prepare for the future. He also believed that human continue in constant development throughout their life span. Erikson ext ends on Freudian thoughts by focusingRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay1177 Words   |  5 PagesDevelopment Stage Conflict Faced Typical Age Range Major Challenge(s) 1 Trust vs. mistrust First year of life Having basic needs met, attaching to people 2 Autonomy vs. shame and doubt 1–3 years Gaining independence 3 Initiative vs. guilt 3–6 years Acting in a socially responsible way Trust .vs.Mistrust First stage is trust vs mistrust and this occurred from 0 to 18 months of age. In this point of this stage is to establish trust. Erikson believed this is the most important period in life. SinceRead MorePsychology997 Words   |  4 Pagesopinion to Psychology is Erikson, a German Psychologist who created eight psychosocial stages that humans encounter throughout their life, the stages are: Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame Doubt, Initiative vs. Guilt, Industry vs. Inferiority, Identity vs. Role Confusion, Intimacy vs. Isolation, Generativity vs. Stagnation, and Integrity vs. Despair . ​Erik Homberger Erikson was born in 1902 near Frankfort, Germany to Danish parents. Erik studied art and a variety of languages during his schoolRead MoreEssay about Analyzing Karp ´s Happiest Baby on the Block941 Words   |  4 Pageswas very intrigued. The step to making your baby happy was not only helpful, but simple as well. This book takes a psychological approach because it is so similar to the Erickson’s Trust vs. mistrust stage. I will begin by introducing the books theory, and then I will explain why it relates to Erickson’s trust vs. mistrust stage. Relationship to Child Development (Emotional, Social, and/or Physical) The method is called the five s’s which consist of the following; swaddling, side/stomach position, shushRead MoreThe Theory Of Cognitive Development1127 Words   |  5 PagesPsychosocial Development. The first stage is this theory is titled trust vs. mistrust which occurs from birth to about 18 months of age. Erikson’s theory is centered on the infant s basic needs being met by primarily a mother figure. When infant’s basic needs are being met consistently they learn to develop a sense of trust. When infant’s basic needs are not being met predictably and consistently the infant begins to develop mistrust. Lastly the theory of John Bowlby is the Theory of Attachment.Read MoreErikson’S Theory Of Psychosocial Development Was The First1740 Words   |  7 Pagesis the development of trust vs. mistrust. In this stage, the child is identifying the things around them that can be trusted. It is important that the child develops trust for their caregivers, preventing attachment disorders later on, but it also important that the child develops a sense of mistrust. If the child does not develop any mistrust, the child would be naà ¯ve to the idea that there are things in the world that can not be trusted. In the crisis of trust vs. mistrust, my resolution scoreRead MoreThe 8 Stages Of Psychological Development955 Words   |  4 Pagespsychological development Trust versus mistrust typically is from birth to 2 years old. You have to be able to balance trust and mistrust to judge good and bad situations as told by (Erickson Kivnick in1986) this stage builds hope. Trust as defined in psychological development is truthfulness of people surrounding you and to sense how much you can trust that person. If a child is exposed to love and affection, a feeling of safety and stability he/she will develop trust. But if you replace love with

Analytical Information Technology (Ait) - 2417 Words

Business Intelligence (BI) The financial services industry is rapidly changing. Factors such as globalization, deregulation, mergers and acquisitions, competition from nonfinancial institutions, and technological innovation, have forced companies to re-think their business. Many large companies have been using business intelligence (BI) computer software for some years to help them gain competitive advantage. With the introduction of cheaper and more generalized products to the market place BI is now in the reach of smaller and medium sized companies. Defining business intelligence â€Å"Business intelligence is the process of gathering high-quality and meaningful information about the subject matter being researched that will help the†¦show more content†¦Think of the BI infrastructure as a set of layers that begin with the operational systems information and Meta data and end in delivery of business intelligence to various business user communities. These layers are illustrated in Figure below. Applications in an enterprise Business intelligence can be applied to the following business purposes, in order to drive business value. 1. Measurement – program that creates a hierarchy of performance metrics and benchmarking that informs business leaders about progress towards business goals (business process management). 2. Analytics – program that builds quantitative processes for a business to arrive at optimal decisions and to perform business knowledge discovery. 3. Reporting/enterprise reporting – program that builds infrastructure for strategic reporting to serve the strategic management of a business, not operational reporting. 4. Collaboration/collaboration platform – program that gets different areas (both inside and outside the business) to work together through data sharing and electronic data interchange. 5. Knowledge management – program to make the company data driven through strategies and practices to identify, create, represent, distribute, and enable adoptio n of insights and experiences that are true business knowledge. In addition to above, business intelligenceShow MoreRelatedInstitutional Animal Care And Use Committee ( Protocol 13-070 )1438 Words   |  6 Pagesconducted using 1% agrose gel, 1x TAE buffer, and ethidium bromide to be viewed on the ultraviolet transilluminator (Bio Rad, Hercules, CA) using the VisionWorks software (UVP, Upland, CA). Amplicon library prep with a 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA) and next generation pyrosequencing (MiSeq, Illumina, San Diego, CA) will be completed at University of Illinois, W.M. Keck Center for Biotechnology. Data will be analyzed and operational taxonomic units (OTUs) will be classifiedRead MoreTraditional Investment Appraisal Techniques Can Not Cope With The Fast Changing Environment1997 Words   |  8 PagesENVIRONMENT IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY TODAY. Manufacturing industry is brimming with rivalry due to the presentation of new and advanced technologies to help manufacturing processes. These new technologies are capital investment a manufacturing organization must acquire to compete with others in the business. The choice to put resources into these new and advanced technologies requires appropriate investment appraisal techniques that can adapt to the quick changing environment of the manufacturing industryRead MoreFinancial Statements Fraud56771 Words   |  228 Pagesand Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact scholarcommons@usf.edu. Detecting Financial Statement Fraud: Three Essays on Fraud Predictors, Multi-Classifier Combination and Fraud Detection Using Data Mining by Johan L. Perols A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Information Systems and Decision Sciences Department of Accountancy College of Business UniversityRead MoreProcter and Gamble Tries to Optimize Inventory2635 Words   |  11 Pagesthe bullwhip effect; creation of visibility up and down the demand chain; synchronized order strategies; and appropriate modeling of the effects of different echelons replenishment strategies on one another. PG prefers to develop its own analytical tools, but in this case turned to Optiant for its powerChain Suite multi-echelon inventory optimization solution. Gillette, which PG was preparing to acquire at the time, had already begun using Optiant software with strong results. 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The Center for Political and Democratic Reform, Inc (CPDRI), the Asian Institute of Tourism (AIT) and the Philippine Institute for Peace, Violence and Terrorism Research (PIPVTR) organized a symposium entitled TERRORISM†¦THREATS TO TOURISM AND PUBLIC SAFETY?† on February 22, 2011, Tuesday, 2-5 PM at the Seminar Room of the Asian Institute ofRead MoreCHAPTER 1112607 Words   |  51 Pagesexperienced programmers who thoroughly reviewed and tested the new system? 2. 3. Is this an inadvertent error, or could it be a fraud? What-qpn be done to find the error in the program? lntroduction This chapter focuses on auditing an accounting information system (AIS). Audiring is the systematic process of obtaining and evaluating evidence regarding assertions about economic actions and events in order to determine how well they correspond with established criteria. The results ofthe audit arc thenRead MorePest Analysis of Cambodia22548 Words   |  91 PagesResource Management Learning Institute NHEM Sochea Royal University of Phnom Penh Special Report 8 LIST OF ACRONYMS ACC ADB AIT ASEAN AusAID CBNRM LI CDRI CSUK CUP DHE DRF ESSP GMS HBF HEI ICT IDRC IFL ITC MoEYS NGO OECD PNSA PUC RAC RMIT RUA RUFA RULE RUPP UBB UC UHS UME WHO Accreditation Committee of Cambodia Asian Development Bank Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand Association of South-East Asian Nations Australian Agency for International Development Community Based Natural ResourceRead MoreSSD2 Module 1 Notes31223 Words   |  125 PagesStables Your reference will be DA Pam 750-1 Key Control Your reference will be AR 190-51, 190-11, 735-5 References Citations must be accurate and thorough-title, type, number, and date of publication; online links if appropriate; and identifying information for correspondence or meetings. Purpose A brief statement that outlines the purpose of the SOP, describing its function, applicability, and objective. Summary A few sentences summarizing the content. Though placed near the beginning, it should beRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management72324 Words   |  290 Pageslabour availability; the place of women into the workplace; economic fluctuations, from boom to recession and vice versa, the application of scientific management methods and control systems in places such as call centres and the people versus technology divide.  © ABE and RRC Introduction to Strategic Human Resource Management 3 Elton Mayo s Hawthorne experiments stressed the importance of human attitudes, values and relationships for the efficient and effective functioning of workers

Diabetes Diabetes And Diabetes Essay - 1172 Words

Diabetes refers to clinically and heterogenous group of disorders described by abnormal high levels blood glucose. Diabetes is ranked as 6th leading cause of death. It direct annual medical costs is approximately over $ 92 billion, and another $ 40 billion indirect cost. It affects approximately 18.2 million people in the USA (Arcangelo Peterson, 2013). Explain the differences between types of diabetes including type 1, type 2, gestational, and juvenile diabetes. There are three major classification of diabetes. These includes diabetes type 1 mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes and diabetes that is secondary to pancreatic diseases and hormonal imbalances (Huether McCance, 2012). Type 1 diabetes is also referred to as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. This is an autoimmune response whereby the pancreatic beta cells responsible for secretion of insulin hormones are destroyed. The insulin hormone has the responsibility of promoting cellular uptake and utilization of glucose in order to maintain the metabolic functions. When these cells are destroyed, the pancreas doesn t produce insulin, making the blood glucose level to sky rocket. This is common among the paediatric population. The main aetiologies are unknown, but is hypothesized that the onset of this disease is caused by viruses that attack pancreases regions responsible for insulin production. The general clinical manifestation includes frequent urination, fatigue, blurred vision andShow MoreRelatedDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes3153 Words   |  13 PagesPeople all around the world might know someone with diabetes, but might have never realized how did they get diabetes, what will happen with them, what do they go through, what makes them change their lives, or what is there everyday basis when someone has diabetes? It may not be your problem, but to show respect and care for the one who may have diabetes can help them and benefit yourself to know more about it and have a better understanding of it. It can impact a person s personal life to knowRead MoreDiabetes : The Growth Of Knowledge On Diabetes1018 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes The research focused on explaining the meaning of diabetes and how literary some concepts can be used to control the situation. Diabetes is a defect in the body that results from the inability to convert glucose to energy. In the medical terms, glucose is the primary source of energy that enables the body to execute its functions effectively. The types of foods that affect the blood sugars are called carbohydrates. We can find carbohydrates in foods such as potatoes, corn, fruit, rice andRead MoreDiabetes And Its Effects On Diabetes1408 Words   |  6 Pagesgo hand in hand with diabetes. Everyone who has diabetes goes through different events or problems each and every day. However, there is more than just one type of diabetes that corresponds with these things; there are two distinct types. It is unsure how Diabetes was discovered but now there are much simpler ways to detect if someone is diabetic. As time has gone on, it is greatly apparent that the technology and all that scien tists know about diabetes has changed. Diabetes is a disease in whichRead MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes1433 Words   |  6 Pages Diabetes mellitus (sometimes called sugar diabetes) is a condition that occurs when the body can t use glucose (a type of sugar) normally. Glucose is the main source of energy for the body s cells. The levels of glucose in the blood are controlled by a hormone called insulin, which is made by the pancreas. Insulin helps glucose enter the cells. In diabetes, the pancreas does not make enough insulin (type 1 diabetes) or the body can t respond normally to the insulin that is made (type 2 diabetes)Read MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes1193 Words   |  5 Pagesthe family has diabetes. Her husband, your grandfather, is at risk for diabetes. Your father has diabetes. Your mother is at risk for diabetes. Your half-sister on your father’s side of the family was recently tested for diabetes. What kind of future regarding diabetes does that leave you with? This may not be you, but this is me. This is my diabetic and at risk family. What is the difference between the types of diabetes? What are the possible problems I can have because of diabetes? How can I treatRead MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes1371 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes For my health project topic I chose Diabetes. One of my aunts has type one diabetes, and that is partially why I chose to do this topic. Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases in which the person has high blood glucose (blood sugar) because of varying reasons. Some of these reasons include insulin production is inadequate or because the body’s cells don’t respond properly to insulin, or both. Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas that regulates the amount of glucose in theRead MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes851 Words   |  4 Pages Diabetes comes in multiple forms: type 1, or diabetes insipidus; type 2, or diabetes mellitus; or gestational, which occurs during pregnancy and may be either type 1 or type 2. Diabetes is a metabolic disease where the person has high blood glucose. (Blood glucose is also know was blood sugar.) When the person has high blood sugar it’s either because the insulin result is insufficient, or the body’s cells don’t respond to the insulin like it should, or both can happen. There are different typesRead MoreDiabetes Is An Illness Of Diabetes2273 Words   |  10 Pages INTRODUCTION Diabetes is an illness that’s been raising for many years and yet there hasn’t been a cure found for it. Diabetes is diagnosed when you have too much glucose also known as sugar in your blood, where the pancreas isn’t able to make enough insulin to pass the sugar in use for energy to the different cells in your body. Glucose in the bloodstreams comes from the carbohydrate foods which are changed into sugar after we have eaten them or the glucose that’s been stored in the liver thatRead MoreDiabetes : Diabetes And Diabetes919 Words   |  4 PagesResistance: Diabetes Diabetes mellitus is most commonly known as diabetes. Diabetes is formally a Greek word that translates to, â€Å"the making of lots of urine with sugar in it or making sweet urine† Brawley. This disease is due to a metabolic dysfunction. Diabetes is caused due to the fact that insufficient insulin is being produced in the pancreas. Sometimes this disease can even be caused because the cells are not being responsive to the insulin being produced. Unfortunately diabetes is not justRead MoreWhat Is Diabetes? Types Of Diabetes Essay911 Words   |  4 PagesWhat Is Diabetes? Types Of Diabetes By Harshad Jethra | Submitted On June 05, 2015 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Harshad Jethra Diabetes is also referred to as diabetes mellitus, and may

The Mayan Civilization - 1023 Words

The Preclassic Maya The founding years of the Mayan civilisation are known as the Preclassic era, stretching from 2000 B.C.E to roughly 250 C.E lasting about 2250 years. The Preclassic era is subdivided into three subperiods, each focused on one or two necessities required for the empire s growth. The Early period consisted of mainly refining agricultural methods and building foundations, the middle period was a time of rapid population growth as well as the later period, a time for social and religious refining with the underlying necessity of the growth of the empire. The Preclassic Period of the Mayan civilisation is split into three sub periods. These periods are differentiated through the necessities that arose during these times.†¦show more content†¦From the sediments found on the lake bed of Peten of Guatemala, evidence that these early agriculturalists grew maize, fruits, cacao and a selection of roots, though they continued to be dependent on hunting bounty from the available from the land and water. Skeletal evidence has provided evidence for the consumption of maize as a significant part of their diet. They hunted the surrounding areas and fished the rivers whilst also foraging for berries and roots to supplement their meagre diet. The middle period of the Preclassic Maya civilisation was a time of rapid population growth. Using the agricultural foundations developed in the previous period, the ancient Mayans constructed villages and cities that resembled chiefdoms. These chiefdoms were ruled by chiefs who built and retained their power through family connects and divine rulings. Divine rulings refer to the chief’s perceived right to rule, which was presented as a supernatural support from the divine. Due to the chiefs ruling over the chiefdoms, they were able to control the economy, ensuring the public support of his ruling. There is evidence for these chiefdoms are found in the sites like: Tikal; Cahal Pech; and Santa Rita. These chiefdoms, ruled by the family and divine backed chiefs, were a direct cause of the rapid populationShow MoreRelatedThe Mayan Civilization2031 Words   |  9 PagesThe Mayan Civilization at its height was one of the greatest civilization to ever reign on the planet. Their adv ances in astronomy and mathematics well in advance has helped present civilizations to prosper. But one of the great questions is what happened to the Mayans? Why did they collapse? What caused them to collapse? It is a question that had gone unanswered for decades until some of the worlds great historians and scientist finally concluded to three reasons why the Mayan Civilization collapsedRead MoreMayan Architecture And The Mayan Civilization848 Words   |  4 PagesMayan Architecture Represented Through Their Beautiful Art The Mayan civilization is identified for many significant accomplishments, one of those significant accomplishments is their architecture. The Mayan civilization was capable of building massive structures such as; palaces, temples and pyramids. Each Mayan pyramids is dedicated to a deity. The Mayans were also known for their art, their developed writing, astronomical and mathematical systems, and supernatural beliefs. One of the majorRead MoreThe Mayan Civilization1930 Words   |  8 PagesThe Mayan civilization was a bountiful society that flourished from around 300 BCE to 900 CE and, according to some, lasted for up to 3000 years. During the height of their civilization, the Maya built a prominent society and created many inventions, some of which are used today. They are well known for creating the first writing system called cuneiform, the concept of zero, calendars, mathematics, ball-courts, and the length of the solar year measured at about 365.242 days. Having first migratedRead MoreMayan Civilization : Ancient Civilizations1314 Words   |  6 PagesMayan Civilization The mayan civilization was one of the earliest civilizations that occupied areas that are today known as Guatemala, Northern Belize, and Mexico. The mayan civilization lived through what is known as the Classic Period. Their culture began about 250 C.E. and ended near 900 C.E. While most of the population lived in what is present day Guatemala the population of the mayans rose from 5,000 to almost two million people near the end of the Classic Period. Although the mayans are knownRead MoreThe Mayan Civilization : Ancient Civilization1425 Words   |  6 PagesThe Mayan Civilization: For many centuries the Mayan was of life was a mystery to archaeologists. Their geography, social structure, government, economy/trade, technology, writing, and arts were all thought to be forever lost. Now, as archaeologists are still uncovering more information, what was once referred to as â€Å"The Lost Civilization of Maya†, has been awakened from the grave of unknown. Geography: The ancient Mayan Civilization surrounded by the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean stretchedRead MoreCharacteristics Of The Mayan Civilization814 Words   |  4 PagesMayan Civilization There were many incredible civilizations in mesoamerica including the Incas, Aztecs, and the Mayas. They all had many strengths and weaknesses but the strongest among them were the Mayans. The Mayans were a very advanced civilization who survived for many, many years. The Mayans were very advanced in astronomy. They could map out the stars, the planets, the sun, and the moon. They knew so much about astronomy that they built all of their buildings in perfect alignment with compassRead MoreIs The Classic Mayan Civilization?1558 Words   |  7 Pageson one specific civilization, what led to their falling as a society and elaborate on some theories as to why collapses may occur. The development that I am going to be discussing is the Classic Mayan civilization. The civilization was located in Mexico around the region of the Yucatan Peninsula and Guatemala. The Growth and collapse of the Classic Mayan started at approximately 250 AD and ended around 830 AD. In 1931, a theory was proposed that the collapse of the Southern Mayan Lowlands was dueRead MoreThe Decline Of The Mayan Civilization1196 Words   |  5 PagesThe rise of civilizations significantly increased as the world made its shift from the Paleolithic Era to the Neolithic Era and onward. The Mayan civilization arose as a part of Mesoamerica during the sixteenth century. Occupying the regions of Central America and Mexico, the Mayans had a strong impact on the world with militaristic and influence from the invention of advancements. The earliest record of the Mayan existence dates back to circa 400 B.C. The Mayan Civilization extended over a timeRead MoreCharacteristics Of The Mayan Civilizations733 Words   |  3 Pagesof civilizations. Three major ones are the Aztec, Maya, and Inca . These different civilizations play a very important role in history today. The Maya empire was highly skilled at building and architecture. They also were the only empire in mesoamerica to dev elop a complete writing system. The Maya were also highly skilled at agriculture and farming. The Maya were by far the most advanced and smart civilization. The Maya empire was very precise and exact when it came to architecture. Mayans builtRead MoreEnd of Mayan Civilization1143 Words   |  5 PagesEnd of Mayan Civilization Samuel Nathaniel H. Stansbury HUM 111 11/3/2012 The mystery concerning the fundamental explanation for the collapse of the Mayan Civilization has been a major focus for researchers in the fields of anthropology and archeology for a considerable period of time. At the very core of this mystery of the Mayan collapse was the question of how could such a strong, stable civilization that had flourished for approximately twenty-seven hundred years disappear without a clear

The Theory And Practice Of Natural Managment Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

In the latest Living Planet Report building and route edifice was noted as being one of the largest drivers of biodiversity loss due to human activities ( WWF, 2008 ) . As planetary concern about society ‘s impact on the environment rises, the force per unit area on administrations to work to a higher environmental criterion is increasing. With the of all time turning consciousness and significance of environmental impact the successful execution of an effectual Environmental Management System ( EMS ) is going more of import that of all time earlier. We will write a custom essay sample on The Theory And Practice Of Natural Managment Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The principle for this thesis is that by successfully implementing an EMS administrations can better their environmental public presentation and hence aid cut down the negative effects human activity has on the environment. Integrating an EMS will non assist pull off the environment straight but alternatively dressed ores on put ining environmental ends into mundane processs with the purpose of cut downing an administrations negative impacts ( Sheldon, Yoxon, 2006, page 2 ) . Developing a civilization of attention through environmental preparation, consciousness and communicating may help administrations in bettering their environmental public presentation. BS EN ISO 14001 provides counsel for organisations â€Å" concerned with accomplishing and showing sound environmental public presentation † to develop systems to pull off their environmental duties. Developing an environmental policy without enfranchisement to criterions with the purpose of stand foring an EMS is possible ( Hyde and Reeve, 2006 ) . However, conformity to criterions provides a figure of benefits. For an administration to run into the demands of an ISO based EMS it must besides integrate â€Å" preparation, consciousness and competency † . As BS EN ISO 14001 provinces any individual who ‘s responsibilities may do important environmental harm must be able to conform to the preparation consciousness and competency demands as stated in the EMS. Almost all functions within the building industry will impact on the environment in one manner or another for illustration physical during the building stage or indirectly during the design procedure. Therefore it is critical that each member of an administration regardless of place or function must be cognizant and take duty for environmental direction. In bend this will besides relieve some of the force per unit areas placed upon specialized environmental sections leting them to work more expeditiously. Puting duty across all squad members in this mode can be achieved through preparation, consciousness and communicating strategies that are relevant to the day-to-day patterns of the administration. Through implementing consciousness based EMS ‘s that are compliant with certified criterions administrations may be able to develop a civilization of attention for environmental consciousness and commit to bettering their environmental public presentation. As stated in the authoritiess Strategy for sustainable building, 2008, page 1, â€Å" It is clear that we can non run into our declared environmental marks without dramatically cut downing the environmental impact of edifices and substructure building ; we have to alter the manner we design and build † Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to research the spread between EMS theory and pattern in building and develop schemes for bridging the spread utilizing preparation, consciousness and communicating strategies. Aims What constitutes an EMS? i.e. EMAS, ISO14000 etc. Determine the troubles that are faced when implementing an EMS in the building industry. Investigate the altering relationships between hierarchal degrees and environmental consciousness and how this relationship can impact an administrations environmental public presentation. Identify the normally used schemes for implementing the preparation, consciousness and competency elements of an EMS in building undertakings. Develop a typical preparation strategy that could be used to implement a successful EMS in a site based environment. Methodology Brief description of the methodological analysis used in the survey. Outline Explanation of and debut to the construction of the survey. Chapter 2 – Environmental Management Systems? ISO14001/ EMAS Importance of Environmental Management. Over the past few old ages both public and corporate attending has been drawn towards the negative impacts that humanity is holding on the planet. What is an EMS? Environmental Management Systems are used by administrations to supervise and command any negative impacts that they may hold on the environment. As with most direction systems the chief aim of an EMS is to let relevant information to be conveyed efficaciously through an administration. As Sheldon and Yoxon ( 2006 ) place this allows countries of concern to be assessed with the relevant information in topographic point before the issue can decline. An EMS will normally contains the organizational construction, duties, patterns, processs, procedures and resources for finding and implementing environmental policy ( Netherwood, 1996 ) . Through developing an EMS administrations will be able to place the most important impacts that are relevant to the company. This will in bend allow resources and processs to be focused and prioritised on the issues with the highest demand. The Defra place statement on EMS province that to lend to improved environmental public presentation, a good EMS should: Be implemented at a strategic degree and integrated into corporate programs, and policies. Top-level committedness is required so that senior direction understand their function in guaranting the success of an EMS. Identify the administration ‘s impacts on the environment and set clear aims and marks to better their direction of these facets every bit good as the administration ‘s overall environmental public presentation. Be designed to present and pull off conformity with environmental Torahs and ordinance on an on-going footing, and will rapidly incite disciplinary and preventive action in instances of legal con-compliance. Deliver good resource direction and fiscal benefits. Incorporate assured public presentation prosodies that demonstrate the above and that can be communicated in a crystalline mode in one-year studies. What are the differences between ISO14001, EMAS, etc. ? Administrations that implement standardised EMS ‘s are faced with the determination on which criterions to attest their EMS under. Presently the two most normally used criterions are the European Eco-management and Audit Scheme ( EMAS ) and the worldwide ISO 14001 series. As portion of the ISO household of criterions ISO 14001 is the most recognized and normally enforced system. Further to a recent amendment to EMAS, conformity to ISO 14001 is now required to go certified with EMAS. In add-on to ISO14001 conformity companies must besides carry through extra responsibilities merely ( e.g. cogent evidence of complete legal conformity with national environmental Torahs, and publication of an environmental statement ) to have proof as an EMAS participant every bit good. ( Freimann and Walther, 2002 ) Why implement EMAS? EMAS is a voluntary strategy, therefore the inquiry why would companies take to take part in the strategy must be asked. R. Starkey as edited by Welford ( 1998 ) notes that although full administrations can be in conformity with ISO 14001, merely sites where industrial activities are taking topographic point can be certified by EMAS Administration How does the administration of a company impact their EMS ‘s? Environmental Law and duties EMS jurisprudence developed out of EIA jurisprudence? ? ? ? A common ground for implementing an EMS is due to troubles in keeping environmental due diligence within the parametric quantities of the jurisprudence ( Sheldon, Yoxdon, 2006 ) . During the debut of EMSs they were chiefly centred around maintaining administrations working patterns within environmental statute law and legal conformity ( Watson and Emery, 2007 ) . Although the focal point of EMS may now be towards aˆÂ ¦ it sill remains and of import to place relevant statute law and maintain this at the bosom of the system. Defra ‘s place statement states that a good EMS should be â€Å" designed to present and pull off conformity with environmental Torahs and ordinance on an on-going footing, and will rapidly incite disciplinary and preventive action in instances of legal con-compliance † . It effects over eight different elements of ISO 14001 and even further in EMAS as companies can be â€Å" de-registered † for any breach relevant regulative demands ( Sheldon, Yoxdon, 2006, pg 78 ) . Typically, environmental legislative acts set up a regulative construction consisting of a system of licenses and licenses ( frequently described as â€Å" control and bid † , or â€Å" the right to foul † ) ( Yarnell, 1993 ) . Execution Planing Execution and operation Checking Management Review Environmental Policy Continual Improvement Based on the ISO 14001 theoretical account for execution. Training consciousness and competency How make you mensurate competency? What are the usual or recommended methods of preparation? How cognizant do squad members need to be? Communication Chapter 3 – Research Methodology Aims Qualitative/ quantitative benefits of each Questionnaires Case Study Justification of chosen method What type of research was used? Why was this attack chosen? What type of informations was gained by the research? Who was involved and how were participants selected? What equipment/ instruments were used? Where and when did the probe take topographic point? How was the probe conducted and why was it done this manner? How was data collected, analysed and presented? Phase 1 – Literature research This survey will reexamine the relevant literature on the affair of Environmental direction systems in peculiar looking at execution, care, consciousness, preparation and communicating. Initial research indicates that there is varied scope of literature available to reexamine. This includes legislative publications, text editions, and diaries such as â€Å" Using a communication-mapping theoretical account for environmental direction ( CMEM ) to better environmental public presentation in undertaking development procedures † ( Tam, Shen, Yau, Tam, 2007 ) . Research commence seeking in Athens, INFORMAWORLD, Engineering and Technology, Environmental Engineering, Environmental Management Plans Demystified, Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems Phase 2 – Case Study and Exploratory Questionnaires The inquiries shall center around the countries mentioned in the aims supra. To have the highest possible degree of response, a multi-choice format will be used and the figure of inquiries will be limited to about 20 – 30. Open inquiries will non be used as they can bring forth a broad assortment of replies depending on the respondent ‘s reading of the inquiry. Furthermore, with potentially varied and drawn-out responses, the analyses of the consequences can be well more hard. Phase 3 – Writing up This phase involves composing up the content of the thesis and should cover the chapters proposed below. Chapter 4 – Case Study ( M80 ) Aims M80 Stepps to Haggs overview Reappraisal of Environmental Management Plan Review of other relevant certification Review of Roles and Duties Chapter 5 – Discussion of Finding Reappraisal of literature findings Case Study Does pattern fit literature reappraisal? Gap analysis How can the spread be filled? Chapter 6 – Decisions Recommendations How to cite The Theory And Practice Of Natural Managment Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Essay drawing on ethnographic studies on drug use Example For Students

Essay drawing on ethnographic studies on drug use The global commission on drugs has put forward a new set of recommendations to help reduce the harmful effects of drug taking and the illicit drug trade. Firstly, a short review of the current reasons buy the afar on drugs has failed will be completed. Then using ethnographic drug studies drawn from several different sources, this essay Will critically discuss each Of the recommendations put forward by the global commission on drugs, specifically focusing on why these recommendations have been made and What effects they hope to have on the current illicit drug trade. Finalized with a conclusion from the arguments made. Has the war on drugs failed? The war on drugs sis failure in its own rights. Drug use and trafficking is still sing despite the majority of law enforcements effort being aimed at drug users. According to Minor, A-J. And Wallows, K. (2010). An estimated $41. 3 billion would be saved from enforcement and incarnation costs if illicit drugs for personal use were discriminative. Enforcement is also aimed towards users rather than organized criminals, which massively undermines users health and safety and human rights. It further fuels crime why increasing drug prices making it more attractive tort potential criminals and harder tort users to buy encouraging them to commit crimes. The unstable, vulnerable environments rated by unregulated drug markets are easily exploited by drug producers and undermines economies. According to Kitchen, N. (2012), the war on drugs has been an ongoing failure yet it is still been allowed to continue so this essay will discuss the recommendations put forward by the global commission on drugs and what outcomes they will have on the harmful effects of illicit drugs. The recommendations made by the Global Commission on Drugs (2014). Are Put peoples health and safety first End the crystallization and incarceration Of people that use drugs Refocus enforcement responses to drug trafficking and organized crime Ensure access to essential medicines and pain control Regulate drug markets to put governments in control Critical Discussion Put peoples health and safety first Current methods of law enforcement are targeted mainly at the end users of drugs. The users that are addicted and solely purchase drugs for personal use. They kick at the outcomes Of policing such as amounts seized or arrests made, rather than looking at the processes used to reduce the harmful effects Of drug use. Bourgeois, P and Schoenberg, J. (2009). Witnessed the positive effects of numerous different approaches to reducing the associated risk of drug use. These included mobile abscess clinics, mobile methadone clinics and mobile psychiatric clinics all attended by non-judgmental staff that saw the user as an individual requiring treatment. They also noted that the current way of approaching drug users created a permanent social underclass, leaving these users vulnerable to police harassment, judgmental or ineffective rehab treatments and poor medical support. The cost of alternative preventative treatments such as mobile abscess clinics are less expensive than the inevitable outcome of many users having to attend an emergency room at a later date. It has been suggested through this study that ongoing support, preventative treatments and understanding medical staff have a higher success rate in helping individuals become rehabilitated and stay rehabilitated and are less expensive than the current punitive ways of approaching the problem, If this is the case, when evidence suggests a more cost effective and successful method is available, why is this current system still continuing? According to Dixon, D Maier, L. (2009). Rug users are aware of the risks associated with sharing needles, however with current regulation making it illegal to carry Duds, police ill target known drug users and confiscate or ask needles to be destroyed with the idea that this will stop the user injecting drugs. Dixon and Maier (2003) observed that all this actually did was put the drug user in a position where they would expose themselves to numerous and highly dangerous blood borne diseases by sharing needles with other users. It appears even the ri sk Of contracting HIVE was still not a deterrent from injecting drugs. It appears the intention behind confiscating or destroying needles is to deter drug use. But is this the real motivation? If a current system actually indirectly promotes he sharing of needles and doesnt offer the appropriate support, how can it be regarded as a system that reduces the harm drugs create? It doesnt. The current system is focused on zero tolerance regarding drugs which creates an environment of satisfaction and extremely unsafe incapable use toward a group of people that are already extremely vulnerable. A system is needed that stops the incarceration and crystallization of drug users. Sand Drawing EssayBut where does this leave the individuals that rely on the drug trade to make money to support their families? What measures would be put in place to help support the people at the bottom that have no other way to make money? Without the conflict of drugs and violence in a community, what steps need to be put in place to ensure that another drug boss doesnt take their place? The answer could be drug regulation. By accepting that drugs will always exist and will always be used, then the regulation Of drug markets by local governments seems like an appropriate and effective way to manage drug use. If a more targeted effort is made to eliminate organized crime and drug cartels, what will it be replaced with? Regulation and decommissioning drugs can help reduce the harmful effects of drugs within a community by allowing governments to take control of something that is effectively unstoppable. As previously discussed, no amount of stringent punishment or associated health risks can or will deter a drug seer or an individual involved with drugs if it means they can support their family or themselves. By focusing on regulation and legalizing governments can look at the real side effects of drug use and reduce social and individual harm. Several countries have already tried and stressfully seen results trot the desalination of personal drugs. According to the COAT report, one of the biggest fears surrounding legalization and desalination is that there will be a marked increase in drug use or has there been an increase in drug tourism. This study shows that in nearly all measurable meaningful effects of characterization have been positive The number of users has declined and are much lower than countries that still have crystallization in effect, the number of drug related deaths has declined and the reported cases of HIVE and AIDS has declined. This suggests that the laws in place to stop people using drugs, really have little to no effect as a deterrent, if this was the case then there would be an increase in usage once drugs were discriminative. According to a study compiled by Van deer Hear, J. (1996). Decentralization does not increase drug usage or increase drug tourism and has reduced crime. All the studies used in this essay, all agree that users are aware Of the risks and When they can Will choose the safest approach, in this case choosing a regulated retail outlet over a drug dealer. By taking away the profits from the dealers, the option to become a drug dealer becomes less appealing. Regulation also generates more income through VAT from coffee shops and saves money from incarceration and policing. Money that can then be used to help the reduction of violent crimes and to also support medical and rehabilitation centers. Ensure access to essential medicines and pain intro. Throughout the world humans have a right to have the medicines they need and for treatment of acute pain, An ethnographic study completed by Clearly, L, Powell, R. A. , Immune, G. Et al. (2013). Suggests that the use to avoids is stigmatize, limited access to treatment, medical staff lack education and there is tight legislation around the use of avoids. This can lead to families seeking their own form of illicit pain control and further fuelling criminal activity. Conclusion The main goal of the war on drugs was eradication of drug use completely and therefore reduce crime. Its zero tolerance agenda and unrealistic goal has made it a fail on many terms. Drug use and production still rises, despite the millions incarcerated, rising drug prices encourages more individuals to sell and produce and forces users to commit crimes and millions go without the appropriate medical attention required. A permanent social underclass has been created by heavy handed approaches to personal drug users, with incarceration and criminal records making it even harder for them regain control. Many successful trials and studies have taken place into the disintermediation of drugs, all with costive outcomes related to use and reduced mortality and disease rates.